Pug dog health problems

Pug dogs are a bit like Marmite- most people either love them or struggle to understand their appeal. For those in the former camp, the Pug is simply the perfect dog: comical, affectionate, easy-going, and full of personality. But as adorable as Pugs are, potential owners should be well-informed about the breed’s significant health challenges before committing to one. This guide covers the Pug’s temperament, care needs, and the important health considerations associated with the breed.

Pug Appearance

The Pug is a small, compact, and square-built dog, typically weighing between 6 and 8 kg and standing around 25 to 30 cm at the shoulder. The breed is instantly recognisable by its flat, wrinkled face, large round eyes, and tightly curled tail. The coat is short and smooth, coming in fawn (with a black mask) and all-black.

The Pug’s distinctive flat-faced appearance is the result of brachycephaly — a shortened skull structure that affects the anatomy of the nose, throat, and airways. This gives the breed its characteristic look but is also the source of its most significant health challenges.

Pug Temperament

The Pug has a delightful temperament that has made it popular as a companion for centuries. They are affectionate, sociable, and enjoy the company of their family. They tend to get on well with children and other pets, and they are adaptable to different living situations, including flat living. Pugs are playful and mischievous with a genuine sense of humour, and they typically enjoy being the centre of attention.

They are not particularly high-energy dogs and are content with moderate daily exercise, which suits many owners. They can be stubborn at times, which can make training a bit of a challenge, but they are generally good-natured and not aggressive.

Pug Exercise Requirements

Pugs require moderate exercise, but their brachycephalic anatomy means their exercise tolerance is limited compared to other breeds of similar size. Short walks, gentle play, and mentally stimulating activities are appropriate. Pugs should never be exercised in hot or humid weather, as they are extremely vulnerable to heatstroke. They should always be monitored carefully during and after exercise for signs of respiratory distress.

Pug Grooming

The Pug’s short coat is relatively easy to maintain with weekly brushing to manage shedding. However, the facial wrinkles require regular cleaning and drying to prevent skin fold dermatitis (a painful skin condition caused by moisture and bacteria accumulating in the folds). The ears should also be checked and cleaned regularly.

Pug Health

The Pug’s most significant health challenge is brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), which can cause breathing difficulties, exercise intolerance, sleep apnoea, and in severe cases, collapse. Many Pugs benefit from corrective surgery to widen the nostrils and shorten the soft palate. Other health issues seen in the breed include eye problems (due to the prominent eyes, which are prone to injury and ulceration), orthopaedic problems, skin fold infections, and Pug Dog Encephalitis (PDE), a breed-specific fatal inflammatory brain condition. Prospective owners should research these conditions thoroughly and only buy from breeders who health test their stock and breed for functional anatomy.

How Much Does a Pug Cost?

In the UK, a Pug puppy from a reputable, health-tested breeder typically costs between £1,000 and £2,500. Always choose a Kennel Club registered breeder who carries out BOAS grading, eye testing, and other relevant health checks on their breeding stock.