Pet Health and Antibiotics: Essential Guide for Owners

Antibiotics play a vital role in veterinary medicine by treating bacterial infections in pets that won't heal on their own. While antibiotics are commonly prescribed for a range of conditions, they are not a cure-all and have no effect on viral infections, such as colds or coughs. Responsible use of antibiotics is crucial, as misuse can lead to antibiotic resistance, making infections harder to treat.

What exactly are antibiotics?

Antibiotics are medicines designed specifically to kill bacteria causing infections or hindering wound healing. Veterinarians select particular antibiotics tailored to the type of infection, as not all antibiotics are interchangeable. Broad-spectrum antibiotics target a wide variety of bacteria, while others are more narrowly focused on specific strains or severities of infection.

Why are antibiotics used in pet care?

Antibiotics treat various bacterial infections, from skin and urinary tract infections to respiratory diseases. They often complement surgical or medical treatments, helping prevent infections in injured or post-operative pets. It’s a common misconception that antibiotics treat viral infections—they do not. Inappropriately using antibiotics can harm helpful bacteria in the body, potentially slowing recovery.

How to administer antibiotics safely to your pet

Always follow your veterinarian’s instructions precisely when giving antibiotics. Ensure the correct dose and complete the entire course, whether the medication is a pill or liquid. Some antibiotics require administration with food, others on an empty stomach—check and double-check with your vet if unsure. To protect yourself, consider wearing gloves when handling medication, as some antibiotics may cause allergic reactions or be absorbed through the skin. Always wash your hands thoroughly afterward.

Potential side effects of antibiotics in pets

Most pets tolerate antibiotics well when prescribed appropriately. Your vet will consider your pet’s health history and any known allergies before prescribing. Some pets may develop allergic reactions or experience side effects such as vomiting or diarrhoea. If you notice these or if your pet vomits shortly after a dose, inform your vet promptly so they can adjust the treatment if necessary.

Antibiotic resistance: What it means and why it matters

Antibiotics were once considered miracle drugs until overuse led to resistant bacteria strains, known as antibiotic resistance. This means infections once easily treated can become severe or incurable. In pets, resistant bacterial infections such as MRSA have been reported. To help prevent resistance, antibiotics should only be used when necessary and always complete the prescribed course.

Why finishing the entire antibiotic course is crucial

It’s tempting to stop treatment when your pet seems better, but finishing the entire antibiotic course is essential. Incomplete treatment can leave surviving bacteria that may develop resistance, causing the infection to return stronger. After completing antibiotics, schedule a follow-up with your vet to confirm your pet is fully healed.

Supporting your pet during antibiotic treatment

Antibiotics can disrupt your pet’s gut health, leading to digestive upset like diarrhoea or vomiting. Probiotics or prebiotics, recommended by your vet, can help maintain a healthy gut microbiome. Ensure your pet has plenty of fresh water and a balanced diet to support their overall health. Careful adherence to your vet’s directions will promote a safe recovery.