Differences Between European Polecat & Domestic Ferret

Genetically, the European polecat and the domestic ferret are remarkably similar, with ferrets (Mustela furo) descended from polecats (Mustela putorius). Both species can be found in the wild across various parts of the UK. Ferrets often escape captivity to live feral lives, while polecats are native and considered the ferret's wild ancestor. Interestingly, they can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Physical Differences Between Polecats and Ferrets

Although similar, several physical traits help distinguish these two mustelids:

• Size and Build: Polecats tend to have a leaner, more muscular body with larger heads relative to their size. Ferrets are generally longer and heavier, with a more delicate bone structure.
• Coat and Colour: Polecats typically have dark fur extending to the nose with dark paws, whereas ferrets display a wider range of coat colours and often possess lighter markings such as a lighter throat patch or white paws. Both moult twice a year, with darker and shorter coats in summer.
• Facial Features: Polecats have a stronger, rounder facial mask with darker ear backs, while ferrets show more varied patterns and lighter ear colouring.
• Scent: Polecats emit a more pungent musky odour compared to domesticated ferrets.

Behavioural Differences

Behaviourally, these species exhibit notable differences which relate to their lifestyles and domestication status:

• Social Interaction: Ferrets are highly sociable animals that enjoy the company of humans and other ferrets. Polecats tend to be solitary and avoid social interaction except during mating seasons.
• Wild vs Domestic Instincts: Polecats retain strong wild instincts and are less likely to be comfortable with handling and training. Ferrets have adapted to domestic life and are generally more approachable and trainable.
• Hunting: Polecats are more muscular and efficient hunters, capable of killing prey outright, while ferrets may focus more on flushing prey from hiding places.

Ferret-Polecat Hybrids

The two species can interbreed, resulting in hybrids that combine traits from both parents. These hybrids often have better eyesight and physical traits closer to polecats but may display more independent behaviour and require experienced owners to manage effectively.

Where to Find Polecats in the UK

Wild polecats are mainly found across the Midlands, Wales, north-west England, and parts of Scotland, where populations have been reintroduced and continue to expand.

A Quick Summary of Differences

• Ferrets tend to be smaller with more delicate bones, lighter coats, and less pronounced facial masks.
• Polecats have larger heads, darker and more uniform coats, more muscular build, and stronger jaws.
• Polecats' ear backs are darker; ferrets have lighter ear backs.
• Ferrets are sociable pets; polecats prefer solitary lives.
• Ferrets emit less musky odour than polecats.

By understanding these differences, potential owners and wildlife enthusiasts can better appreciate each species and promote responsible ownership of ferrets as pets, while supporting conservation of wild polecats.