Cavalier King Charles Spaniels face several health challenges including a higher risk of heatstroke due to their short-nosed brachycephalic skull structure, and are prone to syringomyelia, a serious neurological condition causing chronic pain and coordination issues. They often develop mitral valve disease which affects heart function, and suffer from brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome that limits their breathing and exercise ability. Some may show aggression towards small pets due to hunting instincts, and they can experience anxiety or boredom if not properly stimulated. Additionally, they tend to be costly to own due to ongoing veterinary and maintenance expenses.