6 Medical Reasons Your Dog May Be Overweight

Noticing your dog putting on weight despite a controlled diet and regular exercise can be worrying. While overeating and lack of activity are common causes, unexplained weight gain may signal an underlying medical issue. This article explores six medical reasons why your dog might be overweight, highlighting symptoms to watch for and encouraging a professional veterinary assessment.

1. Fluid Retention: Could Your Dog’s Swollen Belly Be Fluid?

One possible cause of a distended abdomen is fluid retention, medically known as ascites. This condition can result from heart disease, where the heart struggles to circulate blood effectively, leading to excess fluid in the abdomen. Fluid accumulation may also be linked to tumours or diseases affecting internal organs such as the liver.

In puppies, fluid retention might be caused by congenital heart defects or a portosystemic shunt, sometimes called a “liver shunt.” If you notice a swollen belly, it's important to have a vet examine your dog promptly to identify the cause and begin treatment.

2. Medication Side Effects: Is Your Dog’s Medication Causing Weight Gain?

Long-term use of certain prescribed medications, such as steroids or specific hormone treatments, can increase appetite or alter metabolism, causing weight gain. Neutering may also reduce metabolic rate, contributing to weight increases in some dogs.

If you suspect your dog’s medication is causing unwanted weight gain, discuss this with your vet. They may adjust the medication or dosage to better manage your dog's health while minimising side effects.

3. Parasites: Could Worms Make Your Dog Seem Overweight?

Internal parasites, such as worms, can cause fluid buildup in the abdomen where infestations are severe, particularly in puppies and younger dogs with less developed immune systems. This often results in a pot-bellied appearance rather than true fat accumulation.

Your veterinarian can diagnose parasites through blood tests, stool samples, and fluid analysis. Treating parasites promptly with the appropriate wormer promotes your dog's health and comfort.

4. Hypothyroidism: Slow Metabolism Can Lead to Weight Gain

Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid glands fail to produce enough hormones to regulate metabolism efficiently. This condition slows down how the body uses energy from food, leading to weight gain even with strict dietary control.

Symptoms associated with hypothyroidism include:

• Fatigue and lethargy
• Coarse or thinning hair coat
• Slow heart rate
• Dry, itchy skin

Veterinary blood tests can confirm this condition. If diagnosed, your vet will prescribe medication to help restore normal thyroid function, improving your dog's metabolism and quality of life.

5. Cushing's Disease: Hormonal Imbalance Causing Rapid Weight Gain

Cushing’s disease, or hyperadrenocorticism, is a hormonal disorder often seen in older dogs resulting from prolonged overproduction of glucocorticoids, particularly cortisol. This can originate from benign tumours in the pituitary gland or, more rarely, the adrenal glands.

Common symptoms include:

• Rapid weight gain, especially a pot belly
• Muscle weakness and wasting
• Increased thirst and urination
• Increased appetite
• Urinary tract infections
• Hair loss

The abdominal muscle weakening and fat accumulation give the characteristic pot-bellied appearance. Diagnosis involves comprehensive veterinary tests including blood and urine analysis. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve outcomes.

6. Bloat: A Life-Threatening Emergency

Bloat, or gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV), occurs when a dog’s stomach becomes distended with food and air and can twist upon itself. This is a medical emergency often seen in large, deep-chested breeds such as Great Danes, German Shepherds, and Standard Poodles.

Symptoms include difficulty breathing, rapid heartbeat, excessive drooling, abdominal pain, and collapse. Bloat requires immediate veterinary attention to save your dog's life.

Summary and Next Steps

If your dog is gaining weight despite a healthy diet and exercise, consider these medical causes and consult your vet for a thorough examination. Early diagnosis can lead to more effective treatments, promoting your dog's wellbeing and longevity.

Remember, responsible dog ownership involves regular veterinary check-ups and awareness of health changes. Weight gain may be a sign of something more serious than just excess calorie consumption.

For those considering new additions to the family, finding a German Shepherd puppy or other breed through reputable breeders can ensure a healthy start to your pet's life.