Alexandrine Parakeet: Care, Diet, Breeding & Behaviour

The Alexandrine Parakeet (Psittacula eupatria) is a captivating medium to large-sized parrot, named after Alexander the Great, who reputedly introduced this species from Punjab, India, across his empire. Revered by nobility for centuries, Alexandrines remain prized birds today.

Native to regions including Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka, these birds have also established wild colonies in parts of Europe such as Germany, England, Belgium, Greece, and Turkey—often as released captive birds, sometimes alongside Indian Ringnecks. Tragically, in places like Pakistan, Alexandrines face critical endangerment due to trapping for the pet trade, with local sale banned but still rampant in poor conditions.

Physical Characteristics and Lifespan

The Alexandrine Parakeet is the largest of the parakeet species, measuring around 23 inches in length, including its notably long tail (8.5-14 inches), with a wingspan of 7.5-8.5 inches, and weighing between 200-300 grams. Its vibrant green feathers shimmer with a blue-grey sheen on the cheeks and yellow-green on the abdomen. Distinctive markings include a maroon shoulder patch and a bright red beak. Males develop a conspicuous black-and-pink neck ring around age three, distinguishing them from females whose markings are less defined. In captivity, these birds typically live about 30 years or more with proper care.

Keeping Alexandrine Parakeets as Pets

Among the oldest captive parrot species in Eurasia, Alexandrines need spacious environments with sufficient flight space—at least 60 feet in length—to maintain their physical and mental well-being. Metal aviaries are preferable to prevent their strong beak from chewing through wood. Indoor cages should be as large as macaw enclosures, and daily out-of-cage flying time is important. Due to their independent yet interactive nature, these parrots thrive with consistent socialisation; lack of interaction can lead to aggression or feather plucking. They experience an adolescent 'bluffing' phase characterised by testing limits and potential biting, making them unsuitable for first-time parrot owners. However, with patience and correct behavioural training, Alexandrines often become affectionate and excellent mimics, able to learn phrases and sounds.

While noisier than other ringneck types, Alexandrines are generally quieter than African Grey parrots or Amazons, but their vocalisations may still be a consideration for close living quarters. Some enjoy bathing and can be gently misted or provided a shallow shower to keep their feathers clean.

Diet and Nutrition

A balanced diet is crucial for healthy Alexandrine Parakeets. Commercial seed mixes for large parakeets provide a foundation, but they require daily fresh greens and fruits to meet nutritional needs. Egg food can supplement during breeding or molting phases, but should be used sparingly. Suitable gnawing materials like untreated willow or fruit tree twigs encourage natural beak maintenance. Recommended fruits include apple, banana, melon, orange, peach, kiwi, mango and papaya. Vegetables such as broccoli, celery, corn, kale, spinach, watercress, and collard greens add vital nutrients. Safe wild plants like dandelion or chickweed can be included if pesticide-free, while edible flowers like violets and pansies offer occasional treats. An ideal diet proportions roughly 25% seed, 50% pellets, and 25% fruit and vegetables.

Breeding Alexandrine Parakeets

In the wild, breeding occurs mainly from November through April, varying by location. Pairs lay 2 to 4 eggs, incubated for approximately 28 days starting with the second egg's laying. Chicks fledge at about seven weeks old and are parentally cared for for another three weeks. In captivity, breeding should only be attempted when birds reach at least five years of age. Nesting sites mimic natural tree hollows but can include traditional nest boxes equipped with moist peat or moss bedding, sized at least 12 inches in diameter and 24 inches tall. Responsible breeding practices are paramount to supporting species preservation and ensuring healthy offspring.

Responsible Ownership and Conservation

As Alexandrine Parakeets face population pressures in parts of their native range, responsible ownership entails sourcing birds only from reputable breeders or adoption sources, avoiding illegal or wild-caught individuals. Proper socialisation, environmental enrichment, and veterinary care ensure long, fulfilling lives for these intelligent parrots. Being informed and ethical in acquisition and care supports conservation efforts and the well-being of these majestic birds.