Anaemia in Dogs: Causes, Signs & Treatment Guide

Puppies and adult dogs can develop anaemia for numerous reasons, ranging from blood loss due to injury, immune system disorders, to chronic illnesses such as cancer or kidney disease. Anaemia means a reduced number of red blood cells or haemoglobin, which limits oxygen delivery to vital organs, potentially causing severe health issues if untreated.

Recognising Anaemia: Key Signs to Watch Out For

Dogs with anaemia might show mild or severe symptoms. Early recognition helps prompt veterinary care and better outcomes. Look for these signs:

• Lethargy or unusual tiredness
• Lack of appetite or refusal to eat
• Reluctance to exercise or go on walks
• Pale or white gums instead of healthy pink
• Rapid breathing or increased heart rate
• Bruising or bleeding in unusual places

Common Causes of Anaemia in Dogs

Understanding the cause of anaemia is essential to effective treatment. Causes include:

• Blood loss from injuries, surgery, or internal bleeding such as gastrointestinal ulcers or tumours
• Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA), where the dog's immune system destroys its red blood cells
• Infections from tick-borne diseases (e.g., Ehrlichia, Babesia) or flea infestations
• Reaction to certain medications, particularly nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) causing gastrointestinal bleeding
• Exposure to toxins, such as rat poison
• Chronic illnesses like kidney disease or cancer leading to reduced red blood cell production or internal bleeding
• Bone marrow diseases impairing red blood cell production

How Does Your Vet Diagnose Anaemia?

Your vet will take a full medical history and perform a thorough physical exam. Blood tests are crucial to measure red blood cell counts and haemoglobin levels. Additional tests may include:

• Complete blood count (CBC) to quantify cells and identify abnormalities
• Bone marrow biopsy if production issues are suspected
• Screening for infectious diseases and tick-borne illnesses
• Imaging to detect internal bleeding or tumours

Treating Anaemia in Dogs: Tailored to the Cause

Treatment depends on the anaemia cause and severity. For emergency cases with severe blood loss, a blood transfusion might be necessary to stabilise your dog. Ongoing treatment options include:

• Medications to treat infections or immune-mediated diseases
• Stopping bleeding sources, such as ulcers or tumours
• Removing toxins and supportive care
• Dietary management and supplements if nutritional deficiencies exist
• Management of underlying chronic illnesses like kidney disease

Throughout treatment, responsible pet ownership includes regular veterinary check-ups to monitor recovery and adjust care plans. Prompt response to signs and ongoing care can significantly improve your dog's quality of life.

Additional Tips and Precautions

Early detection is vital. Always seek veterinary advice if your dog shows symptoms of anaemia. Avoid giving your dog medications like NSAIDs without professional guidance, as some can cause or worsen anaemia. Flea and tick prevention are also important to reduce infection risks. Responsible dog owners should have a reliable vet and maintain regular health checks to catch potential issues early.

How Breeding Practices Can Impact Dog Health

While this article focuses on anaemia, it's worth noting that ethical breeding practices help reduce inherited diseases, some of which can lead to anaemia. Choosing puppies from reputable breeders who perform health testing supports our goal of healthier future dogs. If you're looking to find a puppy, always research breeders carefully and prioritise health and temperament over appearance.

FAQs About Anaemia in Dogs

What does anaemia in dogs feel like?

Dogs with anaemia often feel weak, tired, and may have pale gums. They can be reluctant to play or exercise and might breathe faster.

Can anaemia in dogs be cured?

Whether anaemia can be cured depends on the cause. Many causes like blood loss or infections are treatable with veterinary care. Immune-mediated types require ongoing management.

How quickly should I get my dog to the vet?

If you notice pale gums, weakness, or lethargy, get your dog to a vet promptly, especially if symptoms come on suddenly.

Is anaemia common in puppies?

Puppies can develop anaemia, particularly if they have severe flea infestations or infections. Early flea control and vet checks are crucial.

Conclusion

Anaemia in dogs is a serious condition with many potential causes. Recognising early signs, seeking a prompt veterinary diagnosis, and following a tailored treatment plan can save your dog's life. Maintaining flea and tick prevention, avoiding hazardous toxins, and responsible health monitoring are keys to preventing many anaemia cases. Remember, your vet is your best partner in ensuring your furry friend stays healthy and happy.