Anal Gland Problems in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms, and Care

If you’ve ever observed a dog scooting or dragging its rear across the ground, it’s often due to discomfort from anal gland issues. While this behaviour might seem odd, it’s a common sign that your dog may be experiencing anal gland problems.

Anal gland problems, blockages, or infections are relatively common in dogs and are often addressed by vets, veterinary nurses, or professional groomers. Some owners learn to express their dog's anal glands at home, but this procedure can be messy and best left to professionals unless properly instructed by a vet.

Though uncomfortable, most anal gland issues are not serious if treated promptly. Untreated problems can lead to further complications like infections and abscesses, which require veterinary care.

What are the anal glands?

Your dog has a pair of small sacs called anal glands or scent glands located on either side of the anus, between the internal and external sphincter muscles. These glands produce a distinctive scent unique to each dog, helping them communicate and mark their territory. This is why dogs often sniff each other's behinds upon meeting – a key part of their social interaction.

All dogs, regardless of gender or neuter status, have these glands, and any dog can develop problems with them.

Causes of anal gland problems in dogs

Normally, dogs empty their anal glands naturally during defecation. Firm stools apply pressure that helps express these glands effectively. However, if a dog has soft stools, this pressure may be insufficient, resulting in the glands not emptying properly.

When anal glands don’t empty fully, they can become impacted due to a build-up of secretions and blockages in the ducts. This causes discomfort and pressure around the anus, prompting dogs to 'scoot' in an attempt to relieve themselves.

If left untreated, impacted glands can lead to pain, swelling, infection, and formation of abscesses, which may require antibiotics or even surgery.

Signs your dog may have anal gland discomfort

Aside from seeing your dog scooting, other signs to watch out for include:

• Persistent licking or biting of the anal area.
• Difficulty sitting or appearing uncomfortable when seated.
• Unusual or increased tail chasing behaviour.

If your dog shows any of these signs, it’s important to seek veterinary advice promptly to address the issue.

How anal glands are expressed

The process of manually emptying your dog’s anal glands is called 'expressing the anal glands.' This can be done by a vet, veterinary nurse, or professional groomer. Some knowledgeable owners opt to do this themselves after being trained by a professional.

Because the procedure can be unpleasant and your dog may be sensitive or uncomfortable if the glands are affected, it is recommended to seek professional help unless you've been properly instructed. Improper technique can cause pain or injury, so training is essential if you choose to do it yourself.

Preventing anal gland problems

Most dogs live without anal gland problems, but for those prone to issues, prevention is key.

Diet plays a crucial role in the health of your dog’s anal glands. Feeding a high-quality, high-protein diet that produces firm stools can encourage natural gland emptying. Occasionally, dietary adjustments may be needed to find the best food to maintain stool consistency, which helps reduce gland impaction.

If recurrent problems persist despite dietary changes, regular veterinary checks and professional expressions may be necessary to maintain your dog’s comfort and health. Always consult your vet to rule out underlying conditions or infections.

Responsible dog ownership and health care

Regular health checks with your vet, appropriate diet, and observing your dog’s behaviour closely can prevent many common health issues, including anal gland problems. Responsible ownership includes seeking advice early and avoiding self-treatment without guidance to ensure your pet's well-being.

By understanding your dog’s body and recognising signs of discomfort, you can make a positive difference to their quality of life.