Ivermectin is a macrocyclic lactone drug widely used in the UK as an effective antiparasitic treatment in dogs. It prevents heartworm, treats mites, and controls other parasites. When used under veterinary guidance, it is typically safe and well tolerated.
The MDR1 gene encodes a protein called P-glycoprotein, which helps pump certain drugs, including ivermectin, out of the brain, protecting dogs from neurotoxicity. However, some dog breeds carry a defective MDR1 mutation that reduces this protective function, allowing ivermectin to accumulate in the central nervous system and cause severe neurological symptoms.
This mutation is most common in UK herding breeds such as Collies, Border Collies, and Australian Shepherds. Up to 75% of Collies may carry this mutation.
Dogs with the mutation can experience toxicity at ivermectin doses as low as 0.1 mg/kg, considerably lower than those tolerated by unaffected dogs (up to 2.5 mg/kg). Therefore, genetic testing is recommended for at-risk breeds to enable safe parasite control and inform breeding decisions.
Ivermectin toxicity generally appears within a few hours up to 24 hours after exposure, especially in dogs with the MDR1 mutation. Key symptoms to watch for include:
Early detection can be lifesaving, so immediate veterinary attention is crucial if any signs appear.
Always use authorised ivermectin products specifically formulated for dogs. Livestock ivermectin products contain much higher concentrations and can be fatal if used in dogs.
Avoid using ivermectin in puppies under six weeks old. Always follow your vet’s dosing instructions carefully.
In rural areas, ivermectin residues persist in cattle or horse manure (cow pats) for up to seven days after treatment. Dogs might ingest these residues, which can cause poisoning, particularly in MDR1 sensitive breeds.
Supervise dogs closely on farmland and discourage eating manure or cow pats during walks in the countryside. Discuss environmental risks with your vet for tailored advice and safety plans.
If you own or plan to acquire a Collie, Border Collie, Australian Shepherd or other herding breeds, discuss MDR1 genetic testing with your vet. This information helps:
Finding a healthy puppy with reduced risk of MDR1 mutation requires careful breeder selection and informed questions:
Topic | Details |
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Dog Pregnancy Signs Week by Week | Weeks 1-2: Behavioural changes and mild nausea. Weeks 3-4: Noticeable abdominal growth and appetite changes. Weeks 5-6: Foetal movement and rapid development. Weeks 7-9: Nesting behaviour and whelping preparation. |
When Can Puppies Leave Their Mother? | Kennel Club advises puppies stay with mother and littermates until at least eight weeks old for immune system and social development. |
For further reading and to support your research, explore reputable breed clubs:
By applying these expert guidelines, you can confidently protect your UK dog from ivermectin toxicity and contribute to healthier future generations of pets.