Dogs are naturally curious creatures, often exploring their world by sniffing around their environment. This instinct, while endearing, can expose them to various microscopic particles, including fungal spores that cause infections like aspergillosis. Aspergillosis is a fungal infection caused by the Aspergillus species, which commonly affects the nasal passages of dogs. Understanding this condition is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective treatment, helping ensure your dog’s comfort and recovery.
Chihuahua and Yorkshire terrier owners may be particularly interested to learn how fungal exposure can affect small breeds, though aspergillosis can affect any dog.
Aspergillus is a mould that thrives in damp, moist environments and can be found worldwide, including across the UK. The levels of aspergillus spores tend to increase in autumn and winter, thriving in compost heaps, barns, stables, and even indoor bedding or damp areas. Dogs inhale the airborne spores during sniffing, especially in these moist environments.
Most dogs can handle low-level exposure without becoming ill, as their immune systems build a natural defence over time. However, dogs with weakened or compromised immune systems—such as those recovering from illness or under prolonged stress—are more susceptible. The nasal passages provide a warm, humid environment where the fungus can easily settle and cause infection.
When aspergillosis infects a dog's nasal cavities, typical signs include:
These symptoms may resemble other upper respiratory tract infections, so an accurate diagnosis is essential. If left untreated, aspergillosis may progress to more severe symptoms and cause damage to nasal tissues, bones, or even spread deeper in rare cases.
Your vet will start by examining your dog's medical history and physical symptoms. Because the signs of aspergillosis overlap with other nasal infections, they typically use specialised tests such as:
Once diagnosed, treatment choice depends on severity and whether the infection is limited to the nasal cavity or has spread systemically.
This involves delivering potent antifungal medication directly into the nose. It may be administered via nasal sprays or by lavage (washing out the nasal passages) with antifungal solutions. This method targets the infection locally and is usually highly effective after one or two treatments.
Challenges: Many dogs find nasal treatments uncomfortable and may resist. Small dogs such as Chihuahuas and Yorkshire terriers have narrow nostrils that can make topical application tricky, so careful handling by experienced veterinary staff is essential.
If topical therapy is not suitable or the infection has spread, your vet may prescribe oral antifungal drugs. These systemic medications work throughout the body, eradicating fungal infection but often require longer treatment courses and may be less immediately effective.
During treatment, it is vital to monitor your dog's response and report any side effects or worsening symptoms to your vet promptly to ensure adjustments are made as needed.
While aspergillosis cannot be entirely avoided due to its environmental nature, you can reduce risk by:
Choosing a healthy puppy from reputable breeders or adopting from a responsible rescue can also contribute to your dog’s overall health resilience.
Aspergillosis in dogs, particularly the common nasal form, is treatable if identified promptly and managed carefully. Awareness of symptoms, early veterinary assessment, and following your vet’s recommended treatment plan are crucial to helping your pet recover and return to full health.
Monitoring vulnerable dogs, especially those with weakened immunity, can prevent serious progression. With the right care, many dogs enjoy a good quality of life post-treatment. When in doubt, always speak to your vet for expert guidance tailored to your dog’s needs.