Aspergillosis Infections in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Dogs are naturally curious creatures, often exploring their world by sniffing around their environment. This instinct, while endearing, can expose them to various microscopic particles, including fungal spores that cause infections like aspergillosis. Aspergillosis is a fungal infection caused by the Aspergillus species, which commonly affects the nasal passages of dogs. Understanding this condition is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective treatment, helping ensure your dog’s comfort and recovery.

Understanding Aspergillus and How Dogs Catch Aspergillosis

Chihuahua and Yorkshire terrier owners may be particularly interested to learn how fungal exposure can affect small breeds, though aspergillosis can affect any dog.

Aspergillus is a mould that thrives in damp, moist environments and can be found worldwide, including across the UK. The levels of aspergillus spores tend to increase in autumn and winter, thriving in compost heaps, barns, stables, and even indoor bedding or damp areas. Dogs inhale the airborne spores during sniffing, especially in these moist environments.

Most dogs can handle low-level exposure without becoming ill, as their immune systems build a natural defence over time. However, dogs with weakened or compromised immune systems—such as those recovering from illness or under prolonged stress—are more susceptible. The nasal passages provide a warm, humid environment where the fungus can easily settle and cause infection.

Identifying Symptoms of Aspergillosis in Dogs

When aspergillosis infects a dog's nasal cavities, typical signs include:

• Persistent runny nose with a thick, discoloured discharge
• Frequent sneezing or nasal sniffles
• Nasal congestion leading to difficulty breathing through the nose
• Possible nosebleeds or a whistling sound when breathing
• Loss of appetite and lethargy in more severe cases

These symptoms may resemble other upper respiratory tract infections, so an accurate diagnosis is essential. If left untreated, aspergillosis may progress to more severe symptoms and cause damage to nasal tissues, bones, or even spread deeper in rare cases.

How Vets Diagnose Aspergillosis in Your Dog

Your vet will start by examining your dog's medical history and physical symptoms. Because the signs of aspergillosis overlap with other nasal infections, they typically use specialised tests such as:

• Rhinoscopy or bronchoscopy: Using a flexible scope to visually examine the nasal passages for fungal plaques or lesions.
• Nasal swabs or biopsies: Samples of nasal discharge or tissue are collected to identify fungal spores under a microscope or via culture.
• Imaging: X-rays or CT scans may be employed to assess the extent of nasal tissue or bone involvement.
• Galactomannan antigen tests: Blood or nasal samples can be tested for this fungal antigen to confirm systemic spread.

Treatment Options: How to Manage Aspergillosis Effectively

Once diagnosed, treatment choice depends on severity and whether the infection is limited to the nasal cavity or has spread systemically.

1. Topical Antifungal Therapy

This involves delivering potent antifungal medication directly into the nose. It may be administered via nasal sprays or by lavage (washing out the nasal passages) with antifungal solutions. This method targets the infection locally and is usually highly effective after one or two treatments.

Challenges: Many dogs find nasal treatments uncomfortable and may resist. Small dogs such as Chihuahuas and Yorkshire terriers have narrow nostrils that can make topical application tricky, so careful handling by experienced veterinary staff is essential.

2. Oral Antifungal Medication

If topical therapy is not suitable or the infection has spread, your vet may prescribe oral antifungal drugs. These systemic medications work throughout the body, eradicating fungal infection but often require longer treatment courses and may be less immediately effective.

During treatment, it is vital to monitor your dog's response and report any side effects or worsening symptoms to your vet promptly to ensure adjustments are made as needed.

Preventing Aspergillosis and Responsible Pet Care

While aspergillosis cannot be entirely avoided due to its environmental nature, you can reduce risk by:

• Limiting your dog’s exposure to damp, mouldy environments such as compost heaps, barns, or decaying plant matter.
• Keeping your dog’s bedding clean and dry, regularly washing it to limit fungal contamination.
• Ensuring your dog’s immune health through balanced nutrition, regular exercise, and timely veterinary care.
• Regularly checking your dog for early signs of respiratory illness and seeking veterinary advice promptly if concerns arise.

Choosing a healthy puppy from reputable breeders or adopting from a responsible rescue can also contribute to your dog’s overall health resilience.

Conclusion: Early Awareness Saves Lives

Aspergillosis in dogs, particularly the common nasal form, is treatable if identified promptly and managed carefully. Awareness of symptoms, early veterinary assessment, and following your vet’s recommended treatment plan are crucial to helping your pet recover and return to full health.

Monitoring vulnerable dogs, especially those with weakened immunity, can prevent serious progression. With the right care, many dogs enjoy a good quality of life post-treatment. When in doubt, always speak to your vet for expert guidance tailored to your dog’s needs.