Bacterial Enteritis in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Bacterial enteritis in dogs is an inflammation of the intestines caused by bacterial infections. This condition can result in unpleasant symptoms such as diarrhoea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and lethargy, making life very uncomfortable for affected dogs. It is especially common in puppies but can affect canines of any age. Prompt veterinary care is essential to diagnose and manage the condition effectively.

Understanding the Causes of Bacterial Enteritis in Dogs

Bacterial enteritis can be triggered by several types of bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Aeromonas spp., coliform bacteria, and Campylobacter spp. Dogs may acquire these infections through the ingestion of contaminated or rotten food, raw meats, or contaminated water. For instance, raw chicken is a known source of Salmonella, which can cause severe infection. Another concern is "Dog Show Crud," a more aggressive infection commonly spread in dog shows, which can weaken a dog's immune system and lead to secondary infections such as bacterial enteritis.

Symptoms to Watch For

Signs of bacterial enteritis that require prompt veterinary attention include:

• Diarrhoea, often containing blood or mucus
• Frequent vomiting, possibly with bile
• Stomach cramps and abdominal pain
• Fever and lethargy
• Difficulty breathing or increased respiratory rate in severe cases
• Dehydration due to continued fluid loss

Diagnosing Bacterial Enteritis

A thorough diagnosis involves your vet reviewing your dog's full medical history and symptoms onset. Diagnostic tests often include:

• Complete blood count to check for infection and anaemia
• Biochemistry profile to evaluate organ function
• Urinalysis
• Faecal examination to exclude parasites and confirm bacterial infection
• Electrolyte analysis to identify dehydration or imbalances
• Imaging such as X-rays or ultrasound to rule out obstructions or intestinal damage
• In some cases, an endoscopy may be performed to assess intestinal condition

Treatment Options for Dogs with Bacterial Enteritis

Treatment depends on the severity and underlying cause. Mild cases may be managed as outpatients with:

• Short fasting period to allow the gut to settle
• Administration of prescribed antibiotics targeting the specific bacteria
• Supportive care including anti-nausea medication and balanced diet during recovery

Severe cases with dehydration require hospitalisation for fluid therapy and close monitoring. Preventing secondary complications and supporting the immune system are key to recovery.

Prevention: Responsible Care and Hygiene

Preventing bacterial enteritis centres around controlling what your dog eats. Avoid feeding raw or spoiled foods and ensure access only to clean water. Regular parasite prevention and flea and tick control help reduce risks. Additionally, maintaining a clean environment and avoiding exposure to dogs with contagious diseases like "Show Crud" provides essential protection.

Conclusion

Bacterial enteritis in dogs can be a serious condition but is manageable with prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Responsible pet ownership practices, including protecting dogs from contaminated food and environments and maintaining regular vet care, are crucial to preventing this condition. If your dog shows any symptoms of bacterial enteritis, seek veterinary advice quickly to ensure the best possible outcome for your beloved pet.