Many pet owners associate behavioural problems in dogs with young puppies still in training, but older dogs can also develop unexpected behavioural issues. These changes may stem not from behavioural problems alone but from health decline related to ageing. It is important for owners to recognise that mature dogs, typically those over eight years old or seven years in giant breeds, can experience both physical and mental changes that affect their behaviour. Investigating underlying medical causes is a crucial first step before addressing any behavioural adjustments.
Ageing affects dogs gradually, influencing their physical and cognitive functions. When your dog begins to show changes such as disobedience, restlessness, or sudden aggression, it may be due to health concerns such as kidney or liver issues, arthritis, or sensory decline. Seeing a vet early for diagnostic tests including blood work, urinalysis, or imaging helps rule out treatable conditions. Once physical causes are assessed, you can better focus on managing behaviour changes empathetically and effectively.
These symptoms may indicate underlying health issues or a condition called Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CDS), increasingly recognised in veterinary medicine.
Canine Cognitive Dysfunction is a neurodegenerative disorder similar to human dementia or Alzheimer's disease. It usually presents in dogs aged nine years and older and is characterised by progressive deterioration in memory, understanding, concentration, and learning. Symptoms result from changes in the brain, including neuronal loss and accumulation of harmful proteins, affecting mental capabilities and causing behavioural alterations.
Key signs to watch for include:
While CDS is progressive, early diagnosis and management can improve quality of life. Your vet may recommend a combination of approaches including nutritional support, environment modifications, and medication.
Special diets and supplements that support brain health can help maintain cognitive function. Antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and mitochondrial cofactors are commonly used to support neural cells and reduce oxidative damage.
Combining medication with behavioural re-training can help dogs relearn or maintain desirable behaviours, adapting to their changing needs and capabilities.
As dogs age, it is essential to be patient and understanding. Natural ageing can cause behavioural variations that are challenging but manageable with proper veterinary care and an empathetic approach. Adjusting routines, providing mental enrichment, and ensuring comfort can help your dog enjoy their senior years with dignity and happiness.
If your older dog develops sudden behavioural changes such as house soiling, aggression, disorientation, or sleep disturbances, don’t hesitate to consult your vet. Early medical assessment can identify treatable conditions and inform a management plan tailored to your dog’s needs.
By recognising and addressing behavioural and cognitive changes, you foster a nurturing environment that respects the dignity of your aging canine companion.