Bengalese, Mannikins and Silverbills: Caring Guide
The Bengalese Finch (Lonchura striata domestica), also known as the Society or Social Finch, is a popular captive bird species widely appreciated for its sociable nature. These finches belong to the Lonchura family, which includes mannikins (munias or nuns) and silverbills. The Bengalese, however, is not found in the wild; it is believed to be a captive-bred mutation of the White-rumped Munia or a cross with another mannikin. While some suggest it was first bred in China, the true origins remain lost in history.
Keeping Bengalese Finches: Social and Feeding Needs
One common challenge with Bengalese finches is sexing them, as males and females look very similar. The easiest way to distinguish is by their vocalisation: males sing with enthusiasm, sitting upright and flaring their tails, while females produce softer, varied calls. This behaviour often delights owners and is a hallmark of their lively social interactions.
Bengalese finches appear in a broad colour range, from white to nearly black-grey hues. Common colour variants include chocolate, fawn, chestnut, and several shades of grey with red or black eyes. Most have some white markings, enhancing their charming appearance.
Feeding Bengalese finches is straightforward. They thrive on a standard foreign finch seed mix and enjoy treats such as spray millet and egg food. Fresh greens like cabbage, kale, spinach and occasional pieces of apple or orange are beneficial. Providing grit is essential, especially during breeding, as it supplies calcium needed for healthy egg development.
Bengalese are highly sociable birds that enjoy living in colonies. Their habit of crowding into nesting boxes at night creates a delightful spectacle of many small faces peering out. However, this behaviour can complicate breeding, making it advisable to breed Bengalese in single pairs for better success and less risk to eggs.
Breeding Bengalese Finches: Tips for Success
Bengalese finches are excellent foster parents and are often used by breeders to rear eggs or chicks from other finch species. Provided the chicks resemble their own in basic characteristics, Bengalese usually accept and feed them as their own offspring.
They will nest in typical finch boxes or canary nesting pans, preferring covered nesting areas. If the nest lacks a roof, Bengalese may spend excessive time attempting to build one using nesting materials like jute, coconut fibres, feathers, grasses, and even dried greens or bedding materials such as Easibed.
During breeding, Bengalese lay between 3 to 9 eggs, with both parents incubating for approximately 16 days. Chicks fledge at around 19 to 25 days old and continue to be fed by parents for about four weeks. The first moult occurs around three months, coinciding with sexual maturity. Although they become capable of breeding at this age, it is advisable to delay breeding to ensure the birds' health and maturity.
Silverbills: Characteristics and Care
There are two primary species of silverbills kept in captivity: Indian Silverbill (Lonchura malabarica) and African Silverbill (Lonchura cantans). The species are distinct; Indian Silverbills have soft brown colouring while African Silverbills show darker brown with a cream breast. These species can crossbreed safely, and a third species, the Grey-headed Silverbill, is rarely kept in UK aviculture.
True to their name, silverbills have a distinctive bluish-silver beak and are smaller than Bengalese finches, though their family resemblance remains clear. Silverbills can hybridise with Bengalese and other Lonchura species, a testament to the close relation within this bird family.
Silverbills are gentle and easy-tempered birds that typically coexist peacefully with others in mixed aviaries. They can be nervous in smaller cages, but upbringing greatly influences their tameness. Birds kept in larger flight aviaries often feel more secure and may display tame behaviour such as taking food from owners by hand occasionally.
Mannikins or Munias: Diversity and Care
Mannikins, also called munias or nuns, embody a diverse group of species popular in British aviculture. Commonly kept include the Scaly-breasted Mannikin (also known as the Spice Finch), Chestnut-breasted Munia, White-headed Munia, and Tricolour Munia. Originating from various habitats throughout Africa, South Asia, Indonesia, and the Philippines, they show considerable variety.
Physically, mannikins resemble Bengalese finches but display various colours ranging from black and white to shades of brown and grey. Unlike Bengalese finches, there are no pure white mannikins in the wild, although captive mutations sometimes produce unusual colour varieties. Importantly, all mannikin species are capable of crossbreeding with each other, as well as with silverbills and Bengalese finches.
Generally, mannikins are quiet, gentle birds, more wary of human interaction compared to Bengalese. Temperament varies individually and is influenced by handling and environment. When breeding mannikins, consider specific nesting requirements that differ by species. For example, White-headed Munias prefer nesting in bamboo, using its leaves for lining, so familiarity with original habitat preferences aids successful breeding.
Conclusion: Enjoying Bengalese, Mannikins and Silverbills
Bengalese finches are an excellent choice for those new to keeping finches, due to their sociable nature and ease of care. Silverbills and mannikins, sharing similar care requirements, offer gentle companions that add variety and intrigue to an aviary. These birds are more suited for observation and gentle interaction, rather than close handling, making them perfect for enthusiasts who appreciate their songs and lively behaviour.
Breeding these finches presents some challenges, especially in sexing and pairing birds correctly, but with research and advice from experienced breeders, they make rewarding and successful parents. Responsible care and attention to their social and dietary needs ensure these captivating birds thrive in captivity, continuing to delight owners and bird lovers alike.
