Bullmastiff Eye Issues: Inherited and Common Conditions
The Bullmastiff puppy is an impressive and loyal breed that originally hails from the UK. Known for their strength and gentle temperament, Bullmastiffs have long been favoured companions. However, this breed can be prone to several eye conditions, some inherited and others acquired. Understanding these issues can help you recognise symptoms early and seek proper veterinary care, ensuring your faithful friend enjoys a comfortable and healthy life.
Common Eye Disorders Affecting Bullmastiffs
Bullmastiffs are predisposed to several eye conditions, many of which relate to their facial structure and genetics. Early identification and treatment are essential to preserve their vision and comfort.
Entropion: Eyelids Turning Inward
Entropion is the most common eye disorder in Bullmastiffs. This painful condition occurs when the eyelids roll inward, causing eyelashes and surrounding hair to rub against the cornea. Symptoms include excessive blinking, squinting, redness, tearing, and frequent eye infections. This irritation can lead to corneal ulcers. Surgical correction is usually required to relieve the discomfort and protect the eye from damage.
Ectropion: Eyelids Sagging Outward
Conversely, ectropion causes the eyelids to sag outward, leaving the eye exposed to irritants like dust, wind, and foreign particles. This exposure increases the risk of conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers. Bullmastiffs, due to their loose skin and facial conformation, are particularly susceptible. Depending on severity, treatment options may include surgery or medical management to reduce irritation and prevent secondary infections.
Glaucoma: Increased Eye Pressure
Glaucoma involves raised intraocular pressure within the eye, causing pain and potential vision loss if left untreated. It can develop as an inherited condition in young Bullmastiffs or appear as an age-related disorder in older dogs. Prompt veterinary attention is critical, as emergency treatment can save the affected eye from blindness.
Persistent Pupillary Membranes (PPM)
PPM refers to strands of tissue in the eye that are remnants of blood vessels from when the eye developed in the womb. Typically, these strands disappear when puppies reach about five weeks of age. However, if they persist, they may impact vision or lead to cataract formation. While not definitively proven inherited, PPM warrants veterinary evaluation. Most cases do not worsen over time, but surgery or medicated eye drops may be recommended if cataracts cause significant impairment.
Other Eye Conditions
Bullmastiffs may also experience:
- Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): A degenerative disease causing gradual blindness, usually beginning with night vision loss.
- Distichiasis: Abnormal eyelashes growing from the eyelid margin that irritate the eye.
- Third Eyelid (Nictitating Membrane) Prolapse: The third eyelid can prolapse, causing discomfort and increasing susceptibility to infections such as conjunctivitis.
- Diamond Eye: A term referring to entropion affecting the cornea’s eyelid margin, causing pain and irritation.
Responsible Breeding and Eye Health Testing
Many eye disorders, especially inherited ones like entropion and glaucoma, can be minimised by responsible breeding practices. Engaging with reputable Bullmastiff breeders who perform genetic and eye health testing reduces the risk of passing conditions to puppies. Regular veterinary visits and early eye examinations for Bullmastiffs ensure issues are spotted promptly, improving treatment outcomes.
Conclusion
The Bullmastiff is a steadfast and affectionate companion, but owners should be mindful of its predisposition to several eye conditions that can affect quality of life. Recognising early signs such as eye redness, excessive tearing, squinting, or behavioural changes is key. Routine veterinary check-ups and choosing a reputable breeder committed to health testing are vital steps to safeguard your dog's vision. With attentive care, your Bullmastiff can enjoy many happy, healthy years by your side.
