Bursitis Infections in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Bursitis in dogs is a painful condition affecting the small fluid-filled sacs called bursae that cushion joints. When these sacs become inflamed or infected, it can severely impact your dog's mobility and quality of life.
This comprehensive guide explores what bursitis is, how it develops, which dogs are most at risk, the symptoms to watch for, and the current best practices for treatment and prevention.
What Causes Bursitis in Dogs?
Bursitis in dogs can develop due to several factors, often involving trauma or ongoing strain on joints. Injuries from falls or awkward landings can cause direct damage to the bursae, increasing the risk of infection and inflammation. Dogs involved in activities that require repetitive joint movement, such as working or herding dogs like the border collie puppies, are especially prone to bursitis.
Old injuries that have not fully healed can also predispose dogs to bursitis later in life. Additionally, systemic infections can reach the bursae through the bloodstream, particularly in dogs with compromised immune systems due to autoimmune disorders.
Obesity and prolonged pressure on hard surfaces are notable lifestyle factors that elevate the risk, as excess weight stresses joints and frequent lying on hard floors can cause repetitive trauma.
Which Dogs Are Most at Risk?
Bursitis can affect any breed or age, but dogs with active lifestyles or those engaged in sports and working roles face increased risk due to repetitive stress on joints. For example, herding dogs such as border collies border collie puppies often undergo frequent joint use, which can lead to bursitis.
Overweight or obese dogs also have elevated risk because their extra body mass adds strain to joints, and bouts of increased activity during weight loss programs can sometimes trigger bursitis onset. Providing cushioned resting areas helps reduce risk in larger breeds.
Recognising Symptoms of Bursitis in Dogs
- Swelling and visible lumps over affected joints such as elbows, ankles, or knees.
- Inflammation and heat around the joint, which may be tender to touch.
- Limping or refusal to place weight on the affected limb.
- Licking or gazing at the painful area, indicating discomfort.
- Changes in behaviour such as irritability, grumpiness, or loss of appetite due to pain.
- In some cases, the bursa may rupture, releasing fluid beneath the skin.
- Bursitis often develops quickly, but chronic cases may have more subtle or persistent symptoms.
How Is Bursitis Diagnosed and Treated?
Your vet will perform a thorough physical examination, discussing your dog’s history and symptoms. If needed, they may collect fluid samples from the bursa for infection testing or use imaging like X-rays to rule out other issues.
Treatment mostly involves resting the affected joint and limiting activity to prevent further strain. Pain and inflammation are managed with veterinary-prescribed medications such as NSAIDs.
Antibiotics are essential when infection is present, and in some cases, fluid drainage and bandaging may be required. Surgery is rarely needed but can be considered for severe or chronic bursitis that does not respond to medical treatment.
Preventing Bursitis in Dogs
Preventive measures are critical to reducing bursitis risk and promoting joint health:
- Provide soft, cushioned bedding especially for larger or overweight dogs to alleviate pressure on joints.
- Maintain a healthy weight with proper diet and regular exercise to lower joint stress.
- Limit repetitive strain by managing activity levels and avoiding hard surfaces for prolonged periods.
- Promptly address joint injuries and illnesses with your vet to reduce complications.
Understanding Related Conditions: Hygroma vs. Bursitis
Hygroma is a condition commonly found in large breeds where a fluid-filled sac forms over bony prominences like elbows, usually due to repeated pressure or trauma on hard surfaces. Unlike bursitis, hygromas are not lined with epithelial cells and are typically not inflamed unless infected secondarily. Learn more about hygromas.
Conclusion
Bursitis infections in dogs are a painful but manageable condition when identified early. Understanding causes, recognising symptoms, and following vet-recommended treatments and prevention strategies can significantly improve your dog’s well-being. If you suspect bursitis or notice joint swelling and discomfort in your dog, consult your vet promptly. Responsible care and lifestyle adjustments are key to protecting your pet’s joint health and happiness.
