BVA/KC/ISDS Gonioscopy Testing for Dogs Explained
In the UK, many pedigree dog breeds have a hereditary predisposition to specific health conditions, some of which can pose significant risks despite not being detectable through DNA tests. One such condition is glaucoma, an eye disease that can lead to vision loss and pain in dogs.
The BVA/KC/ISDS Gonioscopy testing is a specialised eye examination designed to detect early signs and predispositions to primary glaucoma, a hereditary eye condition. This test complements the broader eye screening scheme jointly overseen by the British Veterinary Association (BVA), The Kennel Club (KC), and the International Sheepdog Society (ISDS).
Responsible breeders and owners use gonioscopy screenings to help reduce the incidence of hereditary glaucoma, by identifying dogs at risk and making informed breeding decisions.
What is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is caused when the pressure inside the eye rises above healthy levels, often due to the build-up of fluid that the eye cannot drain properly. This increase in pressure damages the optic nerve, leading to vision loss and potentially painful symptoms.
The causes can vary, including hereditary predisposition, breed-specific eye conformation, injuries, or other factors. Because glaucoma is not a singular condition but a group of related problems, early detection is crucial for management and prevention.
What is Gonioscopy and How Is It Used?
Gonioscopy is a specialised veterinary eye examination that assesses the iridocorneal angle (ICA) – the drainage area in the eye responsible for fluid outflow. It is not included in the regular BVA/KC/ISDS eye screening but is crucial for detecting glaucoma risk before clinical signs appear.
The test uses a goniolens, a special contact lens applied to the eye, along with magnification and a light source to inspect the angle. It is typically performed under sedation or topical anaesthesia by a veterinary ophthalmologist.
Dogs considered at risk of developing glaucoma, especially those from predisposed breeds or with a family history, are recommended to undergo gonioscopy approximately every three years as the condition can develop or progress over time.
How Dogs Develop Glaucoma
Glaucoma can develop due to various reasons, including injury or the conformation of the eye. Primary glaucoma, one of the common hereditary forms, occurs due to abnormal development (goniodysgenesis) of the drainage angle.
Inheritance is typically autosomal recessive, meaning a dog must inherit genes from both parents to be affected. The hereditary status affects litters as follows:
- Two clear dogs produce a clear litter.
- Two affected dogs produce an affected litter.
- Two carriers produce a litter with 50% carriers, 25% affected, and 25% clear puppies.
- A carrier bred with a clear dog produces 50% carriers and 50% clear puppies.
- A carrier bred with an affected dog results in 50% carriers and 50% affected puppies.
- A clear dog bred with an affected dog produces carrier puppies.
Breeds Recommended for Gonioscopy Testing
The Kennel Club advises gonioscopy testing especially for certain breeds considered at higher risk of primary glaucoma. These include:
Other breeds may also benefit from testing based on family history or veterinary advice.
How to Arrange Gonioscopy Testing
To arrange a gonioscopy test, locate a veterinary ophthalmologist qualified to perform this examination. The test results are crucial for ongoing health monitoring and breeding decisions.
Testing interval recommendations suggest approximately every three years for dogs at risk, ensuring early detection and better management.
What is the BVA/KC/ISDS Eye Testing Scheme?
The gonioscopy test is part of the broader BVA/KC/ISDS Eye Scheme, a UK-based health screening programme targeting 11 inherited eye conditions across 59 breeds. The scheme helps breeders and owners maintain eye health and reduce painful inherited eye diseases through informed decisions.
Frequently Asked Question: What breeds are at risk of glaucoma in dogs?
Quick Answer: Breeds such as the Basset, Beagle, Japanese Shiba Inu, Norwegian Elkhound, and Basset Fauve de Bretagne are considered at higher risk of primary glaucoma, making regular gonioscopy testing highly recommended.
Detailed Explanation: These breeds have a hereditary predisposition to defects in the eye’s drainage angle, which can cause primary glaucoma. Regular testing from a young age helps identify risk early, allowing owners and breeders to manage and reduce the incidence of glaucoma through responsible breeding practices and veterinary care.
Frequently Asked Question: How to get gonioscopy test for dogs in the UK?
Quick Answer: To get your dog tested, contact a veterinary ophthalmologist authorised to perform BVA/KC/ISDS gonioscopy exams. Appointments can often be arranged through your local vet or specialist eye clinics.
Detailed Explanation: Gonioscopy testing requires specialised equipment and expert analysis by qualified veterinary ophthalmologists. Owners should enquire with their vet or local breed clubs for recommended specialists. Many breed clubs facilitate group screening events to make testing more accessible and affordable. It’s essential to bring your dog’s microchip details and any registration or previous eye screening certificates when attending.
Conclusion
Gonioscopy testing under the BVA/KC/ISDS scheme is a vital tool in the early detection and management of hereditary glaucoma in dogs. By identifying risks early, breeders and owners can make informed choices that help protect their beloved pets’ vision and wellbeing. Regular screenings approximately every three years for at-risk breeds keep canine eye health a priority.
This testing process supports responsible and ethical dog breeding by encouraging health-aware decisions to reduce painful and potentially blinding inherited eye conditions.
