Can dogs suffer from high blood pressure? Signs & treatment

High blood pressure, scientifically known as hypertension, is commonly recognised as a human health issue, but dogs can suffer from it too. Although often underdiagnosed, canine hypertension can lead to serious health complications if left untreated. Understanding this condition, its symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options can help you keep your pet safe and healthy.

Blood Pressure Norms and Measurement in Dogs

To identify if a dog has high blood pressure, veterinarians measure blood pressure using a cuff placed around the tail or paw. This method is similar to how blood pressure is taken in people, though adapted for canine anatomy. For accuracy, vets usually take multiple readings during a check-up, allowing the dog to relax between measurements.

Normal blood pressure for a healthy adult dog is approximately 150/95 mmHg. Slight elevations (150/99 to 159/95) typically do not require concern. Readings between 160/119 and 179/100 mmHg suggest hypertension that should be addressed, while measurements around 180/120 mmHg or higher represent a medical emergency needing immediate intervention.

How Common Is High Blood Pressure in Dogs?

While not as prevalent as in humans, hypertension in dogs is likely more common than reported due to underdiagnosis. It often develops in middle-aged to older dogs, around seven to eight years and older, making routine veterinary checks vital as dogs mature.

Some breeds may be predisposed, especially if hypertension runs in their line. Additionally, underlying health conditions frequently cause secondary hypertension, the most common form in dogs.

Regular checks, especially a "mini-MOT" by your vet at maturity including blood pressure and blood tests, assist in early detection and management of this condition to improve your dog's quality of life.

Symptoms of High Blood Pressure in Dogs

Because dogs cannot verbalise how they feel, recognising possible signs of hypertension relies on careful observation by owners and veterinary assessment. Symptoms vary and include both subtle behaviour changes and more severe clinical signs.

• Rapid heart rate or heart murmurs.
• Disorientation or confusion without obvious cause.
• Headaches, though these are hard to detect in pets, may manifest as restlessness or unusual behaviour.
• Seizures in severe cases.
• Sudden blindness or visual disturbances caused by retinal damage.
• Ocular issues such as glaucoma, retinal detachment, or visible blood vessel ruptures in the eyes.
• Frequent unexplained nosebleeds.
• Protein or blood in the urine, often indicating kidney involvement.
• Kidney abnormalities including swelling.
• Trembling or abnormal eye movements.
• Weakness or reduced mobility.

If you notice any combination of these signs, seek veterinary advice promptly as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent irreversible damage.

Causes and Risk Factors for Hypertension in Dogs

Most canine high blood pressure cases are secondary hypertension, arising from other health problems. Common underlying causes include:

• Kidney disease: Impaired kidney function can disrupt blood pressure regulation.
• Endocrine disorders: Conditions like Cushing's disease or diabetes.
• Heart disease: Structural or functional issues in the heart.
• Medication side effects: Certain drugs may raise blood pressure.

A smaller portion of cases are primary hypertension, which may have hereditary links. Some breeds may have a higher risk, emphasizing the importance of responsible breeding and regular health screening by reputable breeders.

Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management

Your vet will diagnose hypertension through multiple blood pressure measurements and thorough clinical assessment. Additional tests may include blood panels, urine analysis, and eye examinations to identify organ involvement and underlying causes.

Treating hypertension focuses on managing the root cause where possible, combined with medication to control blood pressure. Medications commonly used include beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers, carefully dosed for dogs. Alongside medication, diet and lifestyle changes play an important role.

If your dog is overweight, working towards a healthy weight through balanced diet and appropriate exercise is essential. Regular veterinary monitoring helps adjust treatment plans to keep blood pressure within safe limits and maintain your dog's wellbeing.

Promoting Responsible Pet Ownership and Health Monitoring

Ensuring your dog’s long-term health includes routine veterinary check-ups and early attention to symptoms. Responsible dog ownership means staying informed about potential risks such as hypertension and working closely with your vet for preventive care.

Finding reputable breeders who prioritise health screening can reduce hereditary risk factors. If you are adopting a dog, asking for health history and seeking regular vet assessments supports early problem detection.

Taking these steps demonstrates your commitment to your pet’s health, helping ensure they enjoy a happy, fulfilling life.

Conclusion

Dogs can indeed suffer from high blood pressure, and while it may be less apparent than in humans, it's a serious condition that requires veterinary attention. By recognising symptoms early, understanding risk factors, and following veterinary advice on treatment and management, you can help protect your dog’s health.

Always seek veterinary consultation if you have concerns about your dog’s health, and support responsible breeding and regular health checks as part of responsible pet care.