Cataracts in Dogs: Causes, Signs & Treatment Guide

A cataract is the clouding of the lens in a dog’s eye, which can seriously affect their vision. As with people, cataracts are a leading cause of blindness in dogs and are commonly linked to ageing. While small or early-stage cataracts may not heavily impair sight, they tend to progress if left untreated. Learning to spot the signs early and understanding available treatments is crucial to your dog’s well-being.

Are you aware of how to recognise cataracts in your dog and the steps to take if you suspect your pet is developing this condition? Read on for a complete guide.

More about Cataracts in Dogs

Cataracts develop when changes in the lens, often due to deposits of pigments and altered protein structure, cause the lens to become cloudy or milky-white. This cloudiness blocks or distorts light entering the eye, reducing your dog’s ability to see colours, focus, or distinguish objects clearly. Dogs especially struggle in dim light or at night, while glare from bright lights can also cause discomfort. Cataracts may affect one or both eyes and can vary in severity.

Which Dogs Are Prone to Cataracts?

Any dog can develop cataracts, regardless of breed or age. However, mature dogs over eight years old are at the highest risk, with the chance increasing each subsequent year. Cataracts might also be present from birth, manifesting in puppies and young dogs under three years old. Certain breeds with prominent, convex eyes, such as the Pug puppies, tend to be more susceptible. Eye injuries, inflammation, and systemic illnesses like diabetes are also known contributors.

How to Identify Cataracts Developing

Though directly staring into your dog’s eyes is best avoided, regularly observing them can help you notice subtle changes. Early cataracts may show as a slight blue-grey haze over the eye. As cataracts progress, the lens appears cloudier or milky white. Behavioural signs may include bumping into furniture, clumsiness, hesitance to jump, or difficulty catching toys. If you notice any of these changes, a veterinary check-up should be scheduled promptly.

Diagnosing Cataracts in Dogs

Your vet will examine your dog’s eyes using specialised equipment, shining a bright light to inspect the lens and retina for cataracts and other potential eye problems like glaucoma or uveitis. Blood tests may be performed to detect underlying conditions such as diabetes, which requires management alongside eye care.

Treatment and Prognosis

In many cases, puppies and adult dogs with early or mild cataracts may not need immediate surgery. However, for mature cataracts causing significant vision loss, surgery to remove the affected lens and replace it with an artificial lens is often recommended. This procedure is best suited for dogs in good general health due to the intensive recovery and aftercare needed.

Post-surgery, dogs require eye drops for several weeks and may need to wear a protective collar to prevent rubbing and scratching. Untreated, cataracts can lead to painful complications such as glaucoma, which causes irreversible blindness. Early veterinary intervention is key to the best outcomes and quality of life for your dog.

Supporting Your Dog with Cataracts

Aside from medical treatment, helping your dog navigate their environment safely is vital. Keep furniture in predictable places, use gentle guidance to help your dog avoid obstacles, and maintain a calm routine. Consider pet insurance to help cover unexpected veterinary costs related to eye conditions and other ailments.

Remember, cataracts have various stages and causes, so working closely with your vet will ensure the right care plan for your beloved companion.