Cat Abscesses: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Guide
Cat abscesses are a common issue, especially in cats prone to fights or injuries. These swollen, painful pockets of infection develop beneath the skin due to trapped pus and bacteria, usually from bite wounds or scratches. Abscesses arise when bacteria from a cat’s mouth or environment are introduced into deep wounds that seal over quickly, trapping infection inside.
What is an abscess?
An abscess is an accumulation of pus and toxins beneath the skin’s surface that cannot drain normally. The body responds to bacteria entering a wound by releasing antibodies, leading to pus production. But when the pus is trapped, it causes pain, swelling, and inflammation that’s visible as a lump on the cat’s skin.
How do cats develop abscesses?
Cats mainly develop abscesses from bite wounds inflicted during fights, which inject bacteria deep into the skin. Other causes include thorns, scrapes, or rodent bites. Because cats’ wounds often close swiftly, bacteria cannot escape, worsening infection. Signs typically appear a few days after the injury when the area swells and becomes painful.
Signs and symptoms to watch for
Abscesses may be hidden by fur but can cause your cat discomfort and visible lumps. Symptoms include:
- Swelling and warm, painful lumps at or near a wound
- Foul-smelling discharge if the abscess breaks open
- Lethargy, fever, or reduced appetite signaling systemic infection
- Limping or reluctance to be touched around the infected site
- Changes in behaviour due to pain
Why abscesses form in cats
Bacteria such as Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and anaerobic bacteria thrive in bite wounds and punctures. Puncture wounds are especially risky because they close over quickly, trapping bacteria deeply. Cats with outdoor access or who get into fights are at increased risk. Even small injuries like thorns or grass seeds can cause abscesses if bacteria enter the skin.
Treatment and care of cat abscesses
If an abscess ruptures, a thick, often foul-smelling discharge might drain naturally. Still, prompt veterinary care ensures thorough cleaning and prevents complications. If it doesn't drain on its own, veterinary intervention is needed, which may include:
- Drainage and cleaning of the abscess under anaesthetic
- Antibiotic therapy to fight infection
- Pain relief to keep your cat comfortable
- Surgical removal of any dead tissue or debris if necessary
Early treatment prevents the infection spreading into the bloodstream, which can cause lethargy, fever, and serious illness.
Preventing abscesses
Reducing your cat’s risk includes keeping them indoors or supervising outdoor time, neutering to reduce fighting behaviour, and promptly treating any wounds. Regular checks of your cat’s skin, especially if they go outdoors, help catch abscesses early.
When to see the vet
If you notice lumps, swelling, discharge, or if your cat shows signs of pain, fever, or behaviour changes, seek veterinary advice promptly. Timely veterinary treatment leads to quicker recovery and less discomfort for your cat.
By understanding cat abscesses’ causes, recognising the symptoms, and knowing when to get professional care, you can keep your feline friend healthy and comfortable.
