Cats and Hairballs: What You Need to Know in 2025

There is a certain sound that most cat owners instantly recognise and often dread – the unmistakable noise of a cat retching up a hairball. While these hairballs can be a nuisance and cause staining on carpets or furniture, it’s natural to wonder if they indicate a health problem or if your feline friend is simply doing what cats do best: grooming themselves.

What Exactly Is a Hairball?

When cats groom themselves, their rough tongues pull loose fur from their coats. Inevitably, some of this fur is swallowed. Although most of the hair passes harmlessly through your cat’s digestive system and leaves in their faeces, occasionally hair can accumulate and form a compacted mass known as a hairball or trichobezoar.

Hairballs are typically regurgitated rather than coughed up from the lungs, a common misconception. This regurgitation is your cat’s natural way of clearing the stomach of the indigestible fur. Normally, a hairball will appear sausage-shaped and dark in colour.

Why Do Cats Develop Hairballs?

It’s perfectly normal for most cats to cough up hairballs occasionally, especially due to their meticulous grooming habits. Longhaired cats are often more prone to frequent hairballs because they shed more fur. Some cats who over-groom – possibly due to stress, allergies, or skin irritation – can also develop problematic hairballs.

Interestingly, many cats instinctively eat grass, which is believed to help them bring up hairballs more easily. If your cat gnaws on grass and then vomits, this is usually not a cause for alarm but rather a natural behaviour to aid digestion.

When Should You Be Concerned About Hairballs?

Occasional hairballs aren’t usually a health concern, but there are times when they can signal something more serious. If your cat is frequently vomiting hairballs or showing other signs such as lack of appetite, persistent vomiting, lethargy, constipation, or abdominal discomfort, it’s important to seek veterinary advice promptly.

In rare cases, hairballs can harden and cause blockages in the digestive tract, requiring medical or surgical intervention. Your vet may perform diagnostic tests like X-rays to determine the best course of action.

How Can You Help Prevent Hairballs?

Most cats manage hairballs naturally, but if your cat is prone to frequent hairballs or struggles to pass them, some steps can help reduce their occurrence:

• Regular grooming to remove loose and shed hair, especially in longhaired breeds. This reduces the amount of hair your cat ingests.
• Feeding a specialised anti-hairball cat food or one higher in fibre can promote healthy digestion and fur passage.
• Discuss supplements or hairball remedies with your vet; some natural lubricants or laxatives can ease hair passage.
• Address the root causes of over-grooming, such as allergies, stress, or skin problems, with veterinary guidance.

When to Visit the Vet

If your cat shows signs of distress or illness beyond occasional hairball regurgitation, such as continuous vomiting without producing a hairball, refusal to eat, or unusual behaviour, a veterinary assessment is essential. Early intervention can prevent serious complications and keep your cat comfortable and healthy.

In the meantime, it’s wise to invest in good-quality, pet-safe cleaning products for those inevitable clean-ups.

Remember, responsible pet ownership involves understanding your cat’s grooming needs and health signals so you can provide the best care possible for your furry companion.