Cherry Eye in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Guide

Cherry eye in dogs is a condition affecting the gland of the third eyelid (nictitating membrane) that causes a visible red or pink protrusion in the inner corner of the eye. This gland plays an important role in producing a significant portion of the tear film necessary for keeping the eye lubricated and healthy. When the gland prolapses, it appears as a fleshy mass which may look alarming but is rarely painful. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent discomfort and potential complications.

Which Dogs Are Prone to Cherry Eye?

Cherry eye can occur in any breed, though it is believed to have a genetic basis linked to weak connective tissue that normally anchors the gland. Puppies and young dogs usually develop this condition, often under one year old. Breeds with hereditary predisposition include the English Bulldog, Boston Terrier, English Bull Terrier, Lhasa Apso, Cocker Spaniel, Saint Bernard, Shar Pei, Shih Tzu, and Poodle. Affected dogs may have one or both eyes involved, sometimes sequentially. Importantly, cherry eye is not contagious.

Signs and Symptoms to Watch For

The hallmark of cherry eye is a distinctive red or pink fleshy lump visible at the inner corner of the eye, near the nose and tear duct area. This protrusion is the gland that has slipped out of place. Dogs may have increased tear production initially followed by dryness or irritation. Mucous or mucky discharge can also develop if the gland becomes irritated or infected. Owners may notice their pet rubbing or scratching the eye, risking further damage. Though alarming, cherry eye is not cancerous or malignant.

How Is Cherry Eye Diagnosed?

Your vet can usually confirm cherry eye through a physical eye exam. The visual appearance of the prolapsed gland is distinctive. Prompt veterinary attention is important to avoid complications such as infection, conjunctivitis, or chronic irritation that can affect your dog’s comfort and vision.

Treatment Options for Cherry Eye

Treatment depends on the severity and the individual dog’s health. Non-surgical approaches may include anti-inflammatory medications, topical antibiotics, and gentle massage to encourage the gland back into place. Some dog owners gently massage the gland at home, but this must be done cautiously to avoid causing injury. The success of these methods varies and there is a high chance of recurrence.

Surgical Correction: The Preferred Approach

Surgery is generally the most effective and recommended treatment to reposition the gland permanently. The goal is to restore the gland to its correct place, preserving its function of producing tears and preventing recurrence. Surgical removal of the gland used to be common but has fallen out of favour due to the risk of dry eye syndrome (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), which requires lifelong management with eye drops and can cause discomfort for your dog.

Different surgical techniques exist, tailored to factors such as breed, age, and the likelihood of recurrence. Your vet will advise on the best approach and post-operative care, which is vital for healing and avoiding complications. Early intervention and surgery reduce risks of long-term eye problems.

Responsible Care and Prevention

While cherry eye cannot always be prevented due to its genetic nature, responsible breeding practices can help reduce its incidence in predisposed breeds. Regular eye checks for young dogs of susceptible breeds and prompt vet visits if a red eye mass appears are recommended. Avoiding trauma or irritation to the eyes supports overall ocular health.

If you are considering getting a dog, it is wise to search for puppies from reputable breeders who perform health screenings to reduce inherited conditions like cherry eye. Responsible ownership and early treatment contribute greatly to your pet's quality of life.

Frequently Asked Questions

What causes cherry eye in dogs?

Cherry eye is caused by the prolapse of the tear gland of the third eyelid, usually due to genetic factors weakening the connective tissue that holds the gland in place.

Is cherry eye painful for dogs?

Cherry eye itself is typically not painful, but it can cause irritation, inflammation, and risk of infection if untreated.

Can cherry eye be treated without surgery?

Non-surgical treatments like medication and massage may help temporarily, but surgery is often necessary for long-term resolution.

Will my dog need lifelong treatment after surgery?

Most dogs recover fully after surgical repositioning of the gland and do not require ongoing treatment. Removal of the gland may require lifelong eye lubrication.