Cherry Eye in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Guide
Cherry eye is a common and visually noticeable condition in dogs caused by the prolapse, or displacement, of the third eyelid gland, also known as the nictitating membrane gland. When this gland prolapses, it appears as a red or pink fleshy mass in the corner of the eye near the nose, resembling a cherry. While this condition can look alarming, it is generally not painful in its early stages but can lead to complications if not treated promptly.
What Causes Cherry Eye?
The exact cause of cherry eye is not fully understood, but it is believed to be associated with a weakness or laxity in the connective tissue that holds the third eyelid gland in position. This weakness may be hereditary, which explains why certain breeds are far more prone to the condition. Environmental or hormonal factors may also play a role, though the genetic predisposition is considered the primary contributing factor.
Breeds Most Commonly Affected
Cherry eye is most commonly seen in young dogs, often under two years of age, and in breeds that are brachycephalic (flat-faced) or those with loose facial skin. Commonly affected breeds include the Beagle, English Bulldog, Boston Terrier, English Bull Terrier, Lhasa Apso, Cocker Spaniel, Saint Bernard, Shar Pei, Shih Tzu, and Poodle. Affected dogs may have one or both eyes involved, sometimes developing in one eye first and later in the other.
Symptoms
The main symptom of cherry eye is the visible red or pink mass in the corner of the affected eye. Other signs may include excessive tearing, discharge, or squinting if the exposed gland becomes irritated or infected. If left untreated, chronic inflammation can impair tear production, leading to dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), which requires long-term management.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually made through physical examination alone, as the prolapsed gland is visually distinctive. A vet may also perform a Schirmer tear test to assess tear production and check for any concurrent conditions. Further examination under sedation may be recommended to fully assess the eye's health.
Treatment Options
The recommended treatment for cherry eye is surgical repositioning of the prolapsed gland, not removal. Removing the gland can lead to dry eye, as this gland produces a significant portion of the eye's tear film. Surgical techniques include the pocket or tuck method and the anchoring procedure, both of which aim to return the gland to its correct position and suture it in place. Success rates are generally good, though recurrence can occur in some cases.
Post-Operative Care
After surgery, dogs typically require an Elizabethan collar to prevent rubbing and prescribed eye drops or ointments to reduce inflammation and prevent infection. Follow-up appointments are important to monitor healing. Most dogs recover well and return to normal vision and comfort.
Preventing Complications
Seeking prompt veterinary attention when cherry eye is first noticed helps prevent complications such as dry eye, corneal damage, and chronic discomfort. Owners of breeds predisposed to cherry eye should be aware of the condition and act quickly if they notice a red mass in the corner of their dog's eye. Responsible breeding practices that account for hereditary eye conditions can help reduce the prevalence of cherry eye over time.
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