Chronic Degenerative Radiculomyelopathy in Pugs: Causes & Care
Pug puppies are vulnerable to Chronic Degenerative Radiculomyelopathy (CDRM), a progressive neurological condition affecting their spinal cords and hind legs, typically over the age of seven. Though incurable, understanding the disease helps owners recognise symptoms early and manage quality of life with empathy and care.
1. Breeds Most Affected by CDRM
CDRM primarily impacts Pugs, but many other breeds show susceptibility due to genetic abnormalities. These breeds include:
- German Shepherd puppies
- Pembroke Welsh Corgis puppies
- Boxer puppies
- Cardigan Welsh Corgis puppies
- Wire Fox Terriers puppies
- Bernese Mountain Dog puppies
- Borzois puppies
- Cavalier King Charles Spaniel puppies
- Chesapeake Bay Retriever puppies
- Golden Retriever puppies
- Great Pyrenean Mountain Dog puppies
- Kerry Blue Terrier puppies
- Poodle puppies
- Pug puppies
- Rhodesian Ridgeback puppies
- Shetland Sheepdog puppies
- Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier puppies
- Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever puppies
2. Understanding Chronic Degenerative Radiculomyelopathy
CDRM is a progressive condition causing degeneration of the spinal cord, particularly in the hind limbs. Remarkably, dogs typically do not experience pain even as their mobility declines to paralysis. This condition stems mostly from genetic mutations, similar to forms of motor neuron disease in humans, impairing the body's ability to shield nerve cells from harmful oxidative damage.
3. Key Symptoms to Recognise
Symptoms can range from mild to severe and commonly include:
- Gradual weakness in the hind legs
- Loss of coordination, producing an unsteady or "drunken sailor" gait
- Dragging or knuckling of rear paws
- Eventually complete paralysis of the hindquarters
- Bladder and bowel incontinence as the condition advances
4. Causes and Genetics Behind CDRM
The condition most often results from a mutated gene responsible for managing oxidative stress in nerve cells. Excessive free radicals damage healthy nerves, culminating in the degenerative process. This genetic mutation is found particularly in breeds like Pugs, German Shepherds, and Boxers. Genetic testing is available to identify dogs carrying this mutation.
5. Genetic Testing and Responsible Breeding
It is vital for breeders to test dogs for the CDRM-associated gene mutation to avoid passing the condition to future generations. Dogs identified as carriers or at risk should not be bred. This ethical practice fosters healthier populations and reduces suffering. Note, however, that genetic testing only identifies gene status and does not diagnose active disease.
6. Recognising the Onset in Older Dogs
CDRM typically affects dogs aged between 5 and 8 years, with subtle early signs often confused with orthopaedic issues. Owners may notice mild weakness in one hind leg, slight dragging, or changes in gait. Prompt veterinary consultation is invaluable to rule out treatable conditions and facilitate early diagnosis.
7. Diagnosing Chronic Degenerative Radiculomyelopathy
Veterinary diagnosis involves a thorough physical and neurological examination, alongside detailed medical history. Referral to a canine neurologist is recommended for advanced diagnostics, which may include:
- Blood tests
- X-rays to exclude bone abnormalities
- MRI and CT scans to assess spinal cord health and compression
8. Prognosis and Management
Unfortunately, CDRM has no cure and prognosis is poor. The progressive nature leads to paralysis and incontinence, impacting quality of life severely. Humane euthanasia is often considered the kindest option once mobility is lost and suffering risk increases. Supportive care, including physical therapy and mobility aids, can help maintain comfort and dignity during progression.
Understanding CDRM promotes compassion and responsible care for affected Pugs and other susceptible breeds. By emphasising ethical breeding, timely diagnosis, and supportive management, owners and breeders can improve outcomes for dogs faced with this challenging condition.
