Conjunctivitis in Dogs: Causes, Signs & Treatment Guide

Dogs rely heavily on their eyesight, which is delicate and requires protection. A transparent mucous membrane called the conjunctiva shields the dog 6s eye from dust, bacteria, and irritants. However, this protective layer can become inflamed, leading to a condition called conjunctivitis, or 7pink eye. 8 This guide explains the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of conjunctivitis in dogs, helping you care compassionately and responsibly for your pet 6s sensitive eyes.

What is Conjunctivitis?

Conjunctivitis is the inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin mucous membrane covering the front of the eye and lining the eyelids, including the third eyelid. Although conjunctivitis is generally not life threatening, a dog 6s eyesight is valuable and requires prompt veterinary attention. The condition can affect one eye (unilateral) or both eyes (bilateral) and may cause redness, swelling, and discharge.

Commonly known as 7pink eye, 8 conjunctivitis can arise from infections (bacterial, fungal, viral), physical irritation such as foreign bodies, allergies, or anatomical abnormalities. The third eyelid may become more visible due to swelling, and the tissue looks reddened or pink. Discharge type varies: clear watery (serous) discharge suggests allergies or irritation; mucous or pus-like discharge may indicate bacterial or viral infection. Understanding these signs helps your veterinary surgeon diagnose and treat conjunctivitis effectively.

Signs of Conjunctivitis in Dogs

You may notice one or several of these common signs if your dog has conjunctivitis:

• Excessive blinking or squinting at one or both eyes
• Redness and swelling of the conjunctiva and third eyelid
• Partial or complete eye closure
• Eye discharge: clear (serous), mucous (mucoid), or pus-like (purulent)
• Rubbing or pawing the eye against furniture, floors, or even you
• Signs of discomfort, such as agitation or stress
• Occasional accompanying symptoms like nasal discharge, sneezing, or coughing if viral infection is present

Causes of Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis affects dogs of any age and breed, with some breeds (such as long narrow-faced types) being more prone due to anatomical predispositions. Causes include:

• Bacterial infections, often involving Staphylococcus or Streptococcus species
• Fungal infections
• Viral infections, including canine distemper virus
• Environmental irritants like chemicals, dust, cigarette smoke, and shampoos
• Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), or dry eye syndrome where tear production is inadequate
• Trauma or foreign bodies lodged in the eye
• Follicle formation on eyelids due to immune responses
• Glaucoma causing increased intraocular pressure
• Eye structure abnormalities

Diagnosing Conjunctivitis

If you suspect conjunctivitis, promptly consult your veterinary surgeon. Diagnosis usually begins with a detailed eye examination. The type and location of discharge and redness offer clues about the cause. Unilateral signs often suggest foreign body irritation, while bilateral mucous discharge indicates infection or KCS. Clear watery discharge hints at allergies or irritants.

Further diagnostic tests may include:

• Schirmer Tear Test to measure tear production and detect KCS using a small filter paper strip placed on the eyelid for 60 seconds
• Fluorescein Stain Test to identify corneal ulcers or scratches with an orange dye that stains damaged areas green under blue light
• Sometimes, conjunctival scrapings are taken for culture, although this is less common

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on severity and cause. Mild serous conjunctivitis may be managed at home with warm baths and veterinary-recommended eye washes. Allergic conjunctivitis might require short courses of anti-histamines or anti-inflammatory medication. Bacterial infections are typically treated with topical antibiotic ointments and oral antibiotics if needed; fungal infections with antifungal ointments.

Some dogs with structural abnormalities may require corrective surgery, which should be discussed fully with your vet regarding risks and benefits.

For dogs diagnosed with KCS, long-term treatment with artificial tears or immune-modulating ointments can improve comfort and prevent worsening tear gland damage.

Preventing Conjunctivitis

While you cannot guarantee prevention, these measures reduce risk:

• Keep your dog 6s eyes clean by gently wiping away discharge with a warm, damp cotton pad
• Avoid exposure to common irritants like dust, cigarette smoke, and strong chemicals
• Minimise contact with allergens, including certain pollens and grass seeds
• Monitor and manage any underlying eye abnormalities responsibly, avoiding breeding from affected dogs to prevent passing on hereditary defects

When to See a Vet

Seek veterinary advice if you notice persistent redness, swelling, discharge, discomfort, or behavioural changes indicating eye irritation. Early diagnosis and treatment help prevent complications such as corneal ulcers or vision impairment. Never use over-the-counter human eye medications without professional guidance, as some can harm pets.

Conjunctivitis can be stressful for both dogs and owners, but with thoughtful care and veterinary collaboration, affected dogs often experience full recovery and restored comfort in their precious sense of sight.

For those looking to find puppies or reputable dog breeders, always prioritise responsible breeders who health test their dogs to avoid hereditary issues, including eye conditions.