Dandy-Walker Malformation in Eurasier Dogs: Causes and Testing

The Eurasier is a medium-sized spitz-type dog recognised by the Kennel Club’s utility grouping. Originating in Germany, Eurasiers are less common in the UK but are treasured for their loyal, affectionate nature and adaptability, making them suitable even for first-time dog owners.

Eurasiers are gentle with children, well-behaved, and able to tolerate short periods alone without destructive behaviour. However, they are energetic, requiring varied and engaging exercise, and their thick coat demands regular grooming due to heavy shedding common in spitz breeds. Their average lifespan is around 11-13 years.

Although the Eurasier breed is relatively healthy with few hereditary diseases, there are known elevated risks for some conditions, including a neurological disorder called Dandy-Walker-Like malformation (DWLM).

What is Dandy-Walker-Like Malformation?

Dandy-Walker-Like malformation is a genetic neurological condition in Eurasiers that disrupts normal cerebellar brain development. This condition is similar to Dandy-Walker syndrome in humans and results in cerebellar hypoplasia, leading to impaired muscle coordination known as ataxia.

Symptoms typically become apparent when puppies are around 5-6 weeks old, often during nursing. They include non-progressive ataxia with symptoms ranging from mild coordination issues to severe inability to walk normally, with some dogs exhibiting tremors, high-stepping gait, abnormal eye movements, imbalance, and in some cases, seizures.

Importantly, the condition is non-progressive, meaning dogs usually do not experience worsening symptoms over time. Cognitive function and behaviour remain generally unaffected despite the physical challenges caused by cerebellar impairment.

How is Dandy-Walker-Like Malformation Inherited?

The disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive way, caused by a mutation in the VLDLR gene—a single base deletion (VLDLR:c.1713delC) that impairs the receptor's function in the brain.

Dogs inherit the gene mutation from both parents to be affected. The inheritance pattern means offspring status depends on the genetic status of both sire and dam, categorised as:

• Clear (no mutation) dogs produce unaffected pups when bred together.
• Carrier dogs carry one mutated gene copy but do not show symptoms; they can pass the mutation on.
• Affected dogs have two copies of the mutation and display symptoms.

Possible litter outcomes based on parent status include:

• Two clear parents: all clear pups.
• Clear and carrier: 50% clear, 50% carriers.
• Two carriers: 25% clear, 50% carriers, 25% affected.
• Carrier and affected: 50% carriers, 50% affected.
• Two affected parents: all affected pups.

DNA Testing and Responsible Breeding

DNA testing for Dandy-Walker-Like malformation is commercially available in the UK through authorised veterinary genetics laboratories. Testing enables breeders to identify affected dogs, carriers, and clear dogs by analysing DNA samples taken by a vet.

Responsible breeders use DNA test results to avoid mating two carriers, thus preventing the birth of affected puppies and promoting healthier litters. If you are considering purchasing a Eurasier puppy, always ask the breeder for health screening proof, including DWLM testing, to ensure your future pet is at minimal risk.

Managing Dogs with Dandy-Walker-Like Malformation

While there is no cure for DWLM, the condition is non-progressive, and many affected dogs can live well with supportive care. Management includes providing a safe environment to avoid injuries from poor coordination, physical therapy to maintain muscle strength, and regular veterinary check-ups to monitor health.

Owners of affected Eurasiers should work closely with their vets to manage symptoms and adapt home conditions to the dog's needs while enjoying their affectionate and loyal companion.

Summary and Next Steps

Dandy-Walker-Like malformation in Eurasiers is a rare but significant inherited neurological disorder caused by a recessive VLDLR gene mutation. Symptoms appear early in life but do not worsen progressively. DNA testing is a critical tool for breeders to prevent the spread of this condition. Prospective owners should seek reputable breeders who perform health testing to help ensure the health and wellbeing of their future dog.