Degenerative Joint Disease in Cats: Symptoms, Causes & Care

Degenerative joint disease (DJD), also known as feline arthritis or osteoarthritis, is a common and chronic condition affecting many cats as they age. It involves the progressive deterioration of the cartilage within joints, causing pain, inflammation, and reduced joint function that can significantly affect a cat's comfort and mobility.

1. Recognising Symptoms of Degenerative Joint Disease in Cats

Because cats instinctively mask pain, early signs of DJD can be subtle. Common symptoms to watch for include:

• Reluctance or difficulty jumping up or down from furniture
• Reduced activity and reluctance to play or climb
• Stiff, slow, or stiff-legged gait
• Changes in grooming habits leading to an untidy coat
• Challenges using the litter tray due to joint pain
• Increased irritability or hiding behaviour
• Potential limping, though often less obvious because joints are frequently affected bilaterally

2. Common Causes and Risk Factors

DJD in cats is usually due to long-term joint wear and tear, but secondary factors can contribute significantly. Causes include:

• Age-related cartilage degeneration affecting joints such as hips, knees, elbows, shoulders, and the spine
• Trauma or previous injuries that damage joint cartilage
• Joint abnormalities present from birth, including hip dysplasia or dislocated kneecaps
• Secondary joint diseases
• Obesity, which increases mechanical stress and inflammation in joints

3. Diagnosing Degenerative Joint Disease

A thorough veterinary assessment is essential. Diagnosis combines a detailed history, physical examination, and diagnostic imaging:

• Assessment of gait, stiffness, joint swelling or deformity
• Radiographs (X-rays) confirm cartilage loss and joint changes
• Blood tests may rule out other joint diseases or infections

Early diagnosis can be challenging, but it helps manage symptoms and maintain quality of life.

4. Treatment and Management Options

While there is no cure for DJD, several treatments can improve a cat's comfort and slow progression:

• Weight management: Keeping your cat at a healthy weight reduces joint stress.
• Medications: Vets may prescribe pain relief and anti-inflammatory drugs suitable for long-term use in cats.
• Physical therapy: Gentle exercises, swimming, and massage help maintain mobility and reduce stiffness.
• Surgical options: In some cases, joint reconstruction or replacement may be considered to reduce pain.
• Environmental modifications: Providing ramps or soft bedding to reduce joint strain and improve accessibility.
• Comfort therapies: Use of heating pads or cold packs for symptom relief.

5. Living with a Cat with DJD

Since DJD is progressive, regular veterinary care is vital to adjust treatments as your cat ages. Maintaining a supportive environment, limiting excessive jumping or strenuous activity, and feeding a diet rich in omega fatty acids can help manage symptoms.

Responsible pet ownership includes observing your cat closely and seeking veterinary advice promptly if you notice changes in movement or behaviour.

Understanding and compassion make a difference in managing chronic conditions like DJD and ensuring your cat remains comfortable and happy.