Dermatoses in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Options

Dermatoses in dogs encompass a broad range of skin conditions caused by infections, allergies, genetics, or autoimmune disorders. Some skin changes may only affect appearance, but others can impact your dog's overall health. Understanding the condition helps responsible owners support their pet's well-being effectively.

Breeds Most at Risk of Dermatoses

Certain German Shepherd dogs are more prone to bacterial skin infections around sensitive areas like eyelids, lips, and nostrils. Collies and Shetland Sheepdogs can develop discoid lupus, an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks facial skin. Other breeds affected by similar autoimmune skin diseases include Chow Chows, Akitas, and Samoyeds.

Breeds such as Siberian Huskies, Dobermann Pinschers, and Rottweilers also show predisposition to pigment loss and inflammatory skin conditions, especially on noses and faces. Giant Schnauzers and Saint Bernards are more susceptible to inflammation of nasal arteries, which can affect skin health.

Common Types of Dermatoses in Dogs

• Leukotrichia: White hair patches on the coat.
• Leukoderma: Partial or complete loss of skin pigment, often on the face or nose.
• Erythema: Reddening and soreness of skin due to inflammation.
• Ulceration/Erosion: Loss of the top skin layer, varying by severity.

Causes and Underlying Factors

Dogs may develop dermatoses due to:

• Bacterial infections affecting lips, eyelids, and nostrils.
• Fungal infections such as yeast overgrowth.
• Allergic reactions especially impacting the face and ears.
• Sore, inflamed skin, sometimes accompanied by scabs and pus.
• Genetic conditions like albinism or vitiligo.
• Autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus and discoid lupus erythematosus.
• Hormonal imbalances and reactions to medications.
• Seasonal pigmentation changes, often around the nose.

Diagnosing Dermatoses

Veterinarians rely on comprehensive medical histories and clinical examinations. Key diagnostic tests include:

• Blood chemical profiles and complete blood counts.
• Electrolyte panels and urinalysis.
• Skin scrapings and samples sent for laboratory analysis.
• Joint fluid samples, when lupus is suspected.

This thorough approach is critical, particularly for autoimmune diseases, as results guide effective treatment plans to protect your dog's health.

Treatment Options and Care

Bacterial or fungal infections typically respond well to antibiotics or antifungal medications. Autoimmune conditions may require immunosuppressive drugs to reduce immune system attacks on the skin and organs. Some severe cases might necessitate hospitalisation, especially if organ function is involved.

If vision is affected, referral to a veterinary ophthalmologist is prudent. Sun protection using water-resistant sunblock for exposed affected skin is important, especially for dogs with lupus. Feeding from smooth-edged ceramic or metal bowls helps avoid aggravating sensitive skin.

Living with a Dog with Dermatoses

Management involves regular veterinary checks to monitor conditions, blood testing when immunosuppressive drugs are prescribed, and commitment to protective care strategies. Awareness of triggers, sun exposure control, and gentle skin protection can help improve quality of life.

If you are looking to find a healthy dog and want to avoid health issues including dermatoses, consider adopting from reputable breeders who prioritise genetic health and responsible breeding practices.