Feline Bordetellosis: Kennel Cough in Cats Explained

Most people familiar with kennel cough know it as a contagious respiratory illness in dogs, but did you know that cats can also be affected by this disease? Feline bordetellosis, caused by the bacterium Bordetella bronchiseptica, can lead to mild to severe respiratory issues in cats. Young kittens and elderly cats with compromised immune systems are particularly vulnerable, and untreated infections can sometimes become fatal.

What Causes Feline Bordetellosis?

The airborne bacterium Bordetella bronchiseptica is the main cause of kennel cough in both dogs and cats. It primarily attacks the upper respiratory tract. While cats are less commonly infected than dogs, they can carry the bacteria and sometimes develop mild symptoms before recovering. However, young kittens or immunocompromised cats can develop severe infections, sometimes progressing to bronchopneumonia if untreated.

Recognising the Symptoms in Cats

Typical signs in affected cats include coughing, sneezing, nasal and eye discharge, fever, lethargy, and loss of appetite. Symptoms can last up to two weeks. Kittens especially may become seriously ill quickly, with some cases leading to death within 12 hours if untreated. A weakened immune system from the infection can also allow secondary bacterial or viral diseases to take hold.

How is the Disease Transmitted Between Cats and Dogs?

Since the same bacteria infect both species, kennel cough can transmit between dogs and cats. Infection spreads via airborne droplets from coughing, sneezing, or close contact such as nuzzling. Even a cat's meow can disperse bacteria in the air, making this a highly contagious illness. Exposure often occurs in multi-pet homes, shelters, kennels, or catteries.

Vaccination and Preventative Measures

Vaccines for feline bordetellosis are available but typically recommended for cats that are at increased risk, such as those frequently exposed to other animals in kennels or catteries. For cats living alone indoors, vaccination is less common. Preventing infection largely depends on hygiene and minimising contact with infected animals. Avoiding shared water sources like puddles in parks can also reduce risk.

What to Do if Your Cat Shows Symptoms

If you notice signs of kennel cough in your cat, isolate them immediately to avoid infecting other pets. Contact your vet promptly to discuss symptoms. The vet will usually prescribe antibiotics, tailored to the severity of the infection, and may provide cough suppressants or expectorants. Severely ill cats may require hospitalisation for intravenous fluids and supportive care.

• Lethargy
• Runny nose
• Discharge from eyes
• Sneezing
• Persistent coughing or hacking
• Loss of appetite
• Fever

Feeding nutritious, palatable food—warmed if needed—can help maintain your cat's strength during illness. Follow veterinary medication instructions carefully and report any side effects immediately.

Preventing Spread in the Home

To prevent the spread of bordetellosis, keep infected cats separated from other animals. Dispose of any contaminated items like tissues and wash bedding regularly in hot water. Clean surfaces thoroughly and maintain a warm, stress-free environment to support recovery. Maintaining your cat’s immune health with vitamins and supplements, as advised by your vet, can also reduce the risk of future infections.

Supporting Your Cat's Immune System Post-Recovery

Recovered cats can sometimes carry the bacteria long-term, potentially infecting others. Boosting your cat’s immune system with appropriate supplements can help prevent recurrent illness and support overall health. Consult your vet about suitable vitamin and nutrient supplements specifically for your cat’s needs.