DNA Profiling and Parentage Verification in Pedigree Dogs

If you are considering finding a pedigree puppy, it's vital to ask breeders whether their stud dogs are DNA profiled. DNA profiling is the most reliable way to confirm a dog's identity and purebred status, ensuring the dog matches its registration papers. Unlike other methods, a dog's DNA profile cannot be falsified, making it the Kennel Club's recommended standard for breeders to prove stud dog identity. This DNA record is held by the Kennel Club throughout the dog's lifetime and can be referenced by vets or authorities if required.

Why is DNA Profiling so Important for Pedigree Dogs?

DNA profiling offers several key benefits for responsible breeders and dog owners:

• Lost and Stolen Dogs Identification: While microchipping is essential, DNA profiling provides an additional, tamper-proof method to reunite lost or stolen dogs with their owners. The procedure is non-invasive, requiring only a cheek swab or blood sample.
• Accurate Health Testing: DNA samples confirm the identity of the dog undergoing genetic testing for hereditary disorders, reducing any risk of sample mix-up or deception.
• Pedigree Verification and Parentage: Reputable breeders use DNA parentage analysis to verify stud dog pedigree and guarantee offspring are 100% pedigree. This practice helps reduce the risk of inheriting hereditary disorders such as hip dysplasia, progressive retinal atrophy, dental issues, and autoimmune diseases.

It's important to understand that a DNA profile contains no direct health information. Therefore, microchipping remains a legal requirement alongside DNA profiling.

Understanding Parentage Analysis in Dogs

Parentage analysis involves DNA profiling of parent dogs so their offspring can also be profiled to confirm the true sire and dam. This process guarantees official registration of stud dogs and transparency in breeding records.

How to Request a DNA Profiling Kit

Any dog owner or breeder can request a DNA profiling kit from the Animal Health Trust (AHT), which works closely with the Kennel Club. The kit is requested by email or phone rather than online. Once collected, DNA samples are tested and the profile details submitted to the Kennel Club, where they are securely stored and updated as needed.

The Role of Ancestry and Genetics in Dog Breeding

While a good pedigree does not guarantee a "better" dog, it plays an essential role in a dog's genetic makeup and temperament, especially in breeds like Rottweilers. DNA profiling supports ethical breeding by helping minimise inherited disorders and maintain breed standards, benefiting both breeders and dog owners alike.

Creating a Unique Genetic "Paw Print"

DNA profiling, also called genotyping, records a dog's unique genetic code—much like a human fingerprint. It does not identify specific breeds but detects gene markers passed from parent dogs to their puppies. This unique "paw print" acts as a permanent identification for each dog.

How DNA Profiling is Conducted

Most laboratories obtain DNA from a dog's dewclaw, cheek swab (buccal sample), or blood. These samples are analysed for unique genetic markers that serve as the dog's ID. When tested via the AHT, the DNA profile is forwarded to the Kennel Club to be kept for the dog's life and can aid vets if the dog becomes ill.

Dog owners receive a certificate listing essential details such as:

• Dog's registered name
• Registration number
• Owner's name
• Microchip number

How Accurate is DNA Profiling?

Research shows DNA profiling is approximately 99.99% accurate. While occasional false matches do occur, a second test can resolve discrepancies. Therefore, the Kennel Club recommends all breeders DNA profile their stud dogs to minimise errors and ensure accuracy in future litters.

Causes of False Matches in DNA Tests

False matches can arise mainly due to:

• Genetic Diversity: Tests can return false matches when parent dogs are closely related genetically.
• Limited Database Records: False matches are more likely when few DNA profiles exist for registered sires and dams.
• Profiling Only One Parent: Profiling just the sire increases false match risks compared to profiling both parents.

Typical Waiting Time for DNA Profiling Results

Once a DNA sample is received by AHT, results usually take about one week to process and return to the owner or breeder.

Recommended Questions When Buying a Pedigree Puppy

When looking to buy a pedigree puppy, it's wise to ask your breeder:

• Are the stud dogs officially DNA profiled?
• Can you see the DNA profiling certificates for the parents?
• Is the litter registered with the Kennel Club?
• Has genetic health screening been performed on parent dogs?
• What hereditary conditions are relevant to this breed?

These questions help promote responsible dog ownership and support ethical breeders.

Conclusion

DNA profiling and parentage verification are vital to maintaining the integrity and health of pedigree dogs. They provide peace of mind for new owners and help breeders improve their bloodlines responsibly. Always choose reputable breeders who use DNA profiling to protect your new puppy's lineage and well-being.