Dogs and Superbugs: Preventing Antibiotic Resistance in Pets

There are times when our dogs need to be taken to the vet, whether for a routine check-up or due to an infection that requires treatment. Often, this means a course of antibiotics will be prescribed to help fight the infection. Just like in humans, completing the full course of antibiotics is vital to ensure the infection is fully cleared and to prevent antibiotic resistance, which leads to "superbugs"—bacteria and viruses that are much harder or sometimes impossible to treat.

Responsible pet ownership means administering any medication prescribed by your vet correctly and fully. Never stop a course early, even if your dog appears to have recovered, as this can allow resistant bacteria to develop and multiply.

Veterinary guidelines in the UK recommend that vets test for the specific bacteria or virus causing the infection whenever possible before choosing the most effective antibiotic. Sometimes, vets may begin treatment with a broad-spectrum antibiotic while awaiting test results, then adjust the medication if resistance is detected.

How You Can Help Prevent Antibiotic Resistance in Your Dog

Pet owners play a crucial role in helping to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance. Here are key practical steps to follow:

• Always complete the full course of antibiotics exactly as prescribed by your vet.
• Never share antibiotics prescribed for one dog with another, as inappropriate use can worsen resistance.
• Follow the dosage and administration instructions carefully to maintain effective drug levels.
• Keep your dog's living area clean to minimise exposure to harmful bacteria.
• Practice good hygiene by washing your hands after handling your dog, especially if they are ill.
• Consult your vet promptly if your dog shows signs of infection to start appropriate treatment early.

Understanding Antibiotic Resistance and Its Growing Threat

Antibiotic resistance is a pressing global concern, affecting both humans and animals. Research in the UK and elsewhere has shown dogs can carry multidrug-resistant bacteria and potentially pass these on to their owners. This challenges the previous assumption that only humans are significant carriers of these dangerous bacteria.

The types of superbugs found in dogs include resistant strains of Salmonella and E. coli that can cause stubborn infections. Cases have emerged where both pets and their owners carry identical resistant bacteria, showing the potential for close-contact transmission within households.

Unfortunately, resistant infections in dogs can be severe. Older or immunocompromised dogs may struggle to overcome infections, and when antibiotics don’t work, infections can worsen, causing chronic ill health, unhealed wounds, or persistent diarrhoea.

Helping Your Dog Safely Fight Infection

When your dog has an infection, prompt veterinary assessment is vital. Your vet may take cultures or samples to identify the exact cause and prescribe the most appropriate antibiotic. Antibiotics come in many forms including injections, tablets, liquids, or creams, and dosage must be followed precisely to be effective.

Using the wrong antibiotic or stopping treatment early can make infections harder to treat and encourage the growth of resistant bacteria. Only use antibiotics prescribed by your vet and never administer leftover medications or drugs intended for other dogs or conditions.

Conclusion

Antibiotic resistance is a serious and growing problem affecting dog health and potentially human health too. By working closely with your vet, giving medication responsibly, and maintaining good hygiene, you can help protect your dog from superbugs. If your dog has any infection that is slow to heal or worsening, seek veterinary advice promptly to ensure the right treatment is given.

Remember, puppies and dogs deserve the best care, and responsible antibiotic use is essential for their health and for the future effectiveness of these life-saving medicines.