Dogs and Vestibular Disease: Recognise Symptoms Early

Vestibular disease is a balance disorder affecting dogs, typically over a sudden onset, often confused with strokes due to similar symptoms. Common in older dogs, it affects the vestibular system, including parts of the brain and inner ear responsible for balance and orientation.

When you notice symptoms like rapid head tilt, wobbliness, or unusual eye movements in your dog, prompt veterinary consultation is vital. A vet will examine your dog, consider medical history, and use tests such as blood panels or imaging to diagnose and rule out other serious conditions like strokes.

What is Vestibular Disease in Dogs?

Vestibular disease causes disruption in a dog’s sense of balance due to dysfunction in their vestibular system, comprising inner ear and brain structures. It frequently affects elderly dogs but can happen at any age or breed. It may be idiopathic (with no known cause) or secondary to causes such as ear infections, head trauma, tumours, or hypothyroidism.

Some breeds prone to recurrent ear infections, including Cocker Spaniels puppies, are at increased risk of vestibular issues from those infections.

Symptoms to Watch For

Vestibular disease typically appears suddenly, with symptoms visible within hours or overnight. Common signs include:

• Poor balance and frequent stumbling or falling
• Refusal or difficulty standing and walking due to disorientation
• Head tilt, often skewed consistently to one side
• Rapid, involuntary eye movement called nystagmus, where eyes flick or wobble uncontrollably

Sudden appearance of these symptoms requires urgent vet assessment to confirm vestibular disease versus other neurological conditions.

Diagnosis and Veterinary Care

Your vet will perform a clinical and neurological exam, inspect the ears for infections, and may request blood tests, blood pressure monitoring, or imaging like MRI to exclude other causes such as strokes or tumours.

Early intervention improves prognosis and helps direct specific treatment plans, especially if an underlying condition is responsible.

Treatment and Prognosis

Idiopathic vestibular disease in dogs often shows spontaneous improvement within days to weeks, with many recovering well though sometimes retaining a mild head tilt. Treatment mainly focuses on supportive care such as:

• Medication to ease nausea and discomfort
• Help with feeding using raised bowls or assisted methods
• Ensuring safe environments to prevent injury from falls

Where infections or other underlying diseases cause vestibular symptoms, targeted treatments like antibiotics or thyroid support are essential. Recovery varies but can take weeks to months; some dogs have partial residual effects.

At-Home Care Tips for Dogs with Vestibular Disease

• Provide easily accessible, elevated feeding and water bowls
• Keep your dog in a safe, non-slippery area to prevent falls
• Supervise mobility carefully and support your dog when needed
• Monitor symptom changes closely and keep regular vet contact

When Should You Visit a Vet Immediately?

If your dog suddenly shows any signs of dizziness, head tilt, imbalance, or abnormal eye movements, an urgent veterinary assessment is necessary. Early and accurate diagnosis ensures appropriate care and improves your dog's chances for recovery.

Vestibular disease, while distressing to see, is often manageable with quick veterinary help and proper at-home support. Always prioritise veterinary advice to rule out more serious conditions.

This guide promotes responsible pet ownership by encouraging prompt vet consultations and informed care to support your dog's health and wellbeing.