Entropion in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Guide

Entropion is a painful condition affecting a dog's lower eyelid where it folds inward, causing the eyelashes to rub against the eyeball. This genetic disorder commonly affects breeds with distinctive facial shapes, leading to eye discomfort and potential damage. Early diagnosis and treatment are vital to prevent complications such as corneal ulcers and vision loss.

Symptoms to Watch For in Dogs with Entropion

Signs that your dog may be suffering from entropion include frequent squinting and pawing at the eyes due to discomfort. Their eyes are often inflamed, red, and sore. Excessive tearing (epiphora) is common, especially in brachycephalic (short-nosed) and toy breeds. You might also notice mucus or pus discharge, eye spasms, or inflammation of the eye surface.

• Excess tearing, especially in brachycephalic and toy breeds
• Eye inflammation (keratitis)
• Mucus or pus discharge, more common in giant breeds
• Eye spasms and redness
• Corneal ulceration or ruptured cornea in severe cases

Breeds Commonly Affected by Entropion

While entropion can affect any dog, some breeds are predisposed due to genetic factors or facial structure:

• Pug puppies and other short-nosed (brachycephalic) breeds
• Great Dane puppies and other giant breeds
• Sporting breeds with specific facial conformations

Diagnosing Entropion

A veterinary professional will usually diagnose entropion after a thorough eye examination, often around the age of one year. They will assess eyelid position and check for secondary issues like corneal ulcers. Antibiotic ointments may be prescribed to treat infections while managing pain. Lubricants might be administered if the cornea isn't damaged. Surgical correction is often recommended for moderate to severe cases to restore eye comfort and protect vision.

Why Are Some Breeds More Predisposed?

The shape of a dog's face heavily influences their risk of developing entropion. Short-nosed breeds are prone due to their facial anatomy causing inward eyelid rolling. Conversely, giant breeds often have excess skin around the eyes, resulting in the outer eyelid edges folding inward. Dogs with chronic conjunctivitis or regular eye infections risk developing spastic entropion, where eyelid muscle spasms cause inward rolling.

Living with and Managing a Dog with Entropion

After diagnosis, dogs require ongoing care including regular veterinary check-ups to monitor their eye health. Treatment may involve antibiotic eye drops or ointments to control infections and inflammation. Younger dogs might need repeated treatments and follow-ups until they are mature enough for surgical intervention. Wearing a protective Elizabethan collar often prevents dogs from pawing their eyes and worsening the condition.

Preventing Entropion Through Responsible Breeding

Because entropion is commonly hereditary, choosing a puppy from reputable breeders who perform health checks on breeding stock is essential. Responsible breeding reduces hereditary disorders and promotes healthier generations. This supports the wellbeing of breeds naturally prone to entropion and minimises the risk of suffering.

When to See a Vet

If your dog shows signs of eye discomfort such as squinting, excessive tearing, discharge, or pawing at the eye, seek veterinary attention promptly. Early intervention prevents severe corneal damage and potential vision loss. Your vet can provide a correct diagnosis and help develop a treatment plan suited to your dog’s needs.

Summary

Entropion is a distressing eyelid condition where the eyelid folds inward, rubbing the eyelashes on the eye’s surface. It causes pain, eye inflammation, and potentially serious complications if untreated. Certain breeds, especially short-nosed and giant dogs, are more vulnerable. Early veterinary diagnosis and treatment, including surgery when necessary, improve quality of life and preserve vision. Responsible breeding and ongoing care are key to managing and preventing this condition.