Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis DNA Testing for Norfolk Terriers

The Norfolk terrier is a beloved native British dog breed, known for its lively personality and history as a skilled working terrier. Originally bred for vermin control, Norfolk terriers are now cherished pets that bring joy and energy to family homes. Their spirited nature and high prey drive mean they thrive with plenty of exercise and mental stimulation, making them wonderful companions, especially as they tend to be good with children.

With an average lifespan of 12-15 years, Norfolk terriers are generally robust. However, like many breeds, they can inherit certain hereditary conditions. One particular concern for breeders and owners is epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, a genetic skin disorder that affects the breed. While no mandatory DNA testing is required, many responsible Norfolk Terrier breeders opt for health screening to promote the production of healthier litters and provide buyers reassurance given the typical purchase price of over £1,200 for a Kennel Club registered puppy.

What is Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis in Norfolk Terriers?

Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (EHK), sometimes called ichthyosis, is a chronic hereditary skin condition specific to this breed. It results in fragile, sensitive skin that may blister or peel, often leading to thickened and scaly patches prone to cracking and discomfort. Affected dogs may display hyperpigmentation—areas of darker skin—and hardened, thick footpads that can affect their mobility and wellbeing.

How is Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis Inherited?

The condition follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. This means a Norfolk terrier needs to inherit two copies of the defective gene—one from each parent—to express the disease. Dogs with one copy are carriers but typically show no symptoms.

The genetic status for epidermolytic hyperkeratosis is classified as:

• Clear: No copies of the mutation; will not develop or pass the disease.
• Carrier: One copy of the mutation; healthy but can pass the mutation to offspring.
• Affected: Two copies; will show clinical signs of the disease.

Knowing the genetic status of breeding dogs helps predict offspring status and avoid affected puppies:

• Two clear dogs produce clear puppies only.
• Two affected dogs produce only affected puppies.
• Two carriers have a 25% chance of affected puppies, 50% carriers, and 25% clear.
• A clear and affected pairing produces all carrier puppies.
• A clear and carrier pairing produces 50% clear and 50% carriers.
• A carrier and affected pairing produces 50% affected and 50% carriers.

How to Get Your Norfolk Terrier DNA Tested for Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis

If you are considering breeding your Norfolk terrier or want to know its health status, DNA testing is an essential step to identify the risk of passing on EHK. In the UK, several licensed laboratories offer testing, including PharmaDNA and the Canine Genetics Centre.

Step 1: Contact a reputable genetic testing provider

Confirm that the chosen lab can test for epidermolytic hyperkeratosis in Norfolk terriers and understand their sample requirements.

Step 2: Obtain a DNA test kit

The kit typically includes tools for collecting a buccal (cheek) swab or blood sample. Some providers allow home collection, while others may require a vet visit.

Step 3: Collect the DNA sample

Follow instructions carefully to take a clean swab from inside the dog's cheek, or arrange for a vet to collect blood samples. Proper sample collection ensures accurate results.

Step 4: Send the sample to the testing laboratory

Use the prepaid packaging or specified courier method to send the sample securely.

Step 5: Await results

Most labs provide results within 10-15 working days. The report will indicate if the dog is clear, a carrier, or affected by EHK.

Step 6: Use results responsibly

Share results with your vet and, if relevant, submit them to The Kennel Club to assist in breed-wide health management. Use the information to make informed breeding and care decisions.

Why DNA Testing Matters for Responsible Breeding

Breeding dogs without knowledge of their genetic health can inadvertently increase the incidence of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis in future litters. Testing helps identify carriers and affected dogs, guiding breeders to avoid mating pairs that risk producing affected puppies. This approach safeguards the breed's health and wellbeing over generations.

Responsible breeders also tend to find Norfolk Terrier puppies from health-tested parents, supporting buyers in acquiring healthy, happy pets fit for family life.

Managing and Supporting Dogs with Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis

There is currently no cure for EHK, but affected dogs can live comfortably with proper care. Supportive skin care includes using gentle, anti-dandruff shampoos, moisturising ointments, and careful monitoring of affected areas to prevent infections. Regular veterinary check-ups and tailored management are essential for maintaining quality of life.

Conclusion

Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis is a serious inherited skin condition that Norfolk terrier owners and breeders should understand. DNA health testing is a valuable tool available in the UK that aids in identifying carriers and affected dogs. By integrating genetic testing into responsible breeding practices, the incidence of EHK can be reduced, promoting healthier generations of this charming breed.

For prospective owners, asking breeders about health testing and choosing puppies from health-screened stock is a responsible approach to ensuring your Norfolk terrier companion enjoys a happy, healthy life.