Epistaxis in Cats: Causes, Diagnosis & Care Explained

Epistaxis, or nose bleeds, can occur in cats for various reasons, ranging from minor injuries to serious medical conditions. Understanding the causes and appropriate care is vital to help your cat recover safely.

Common Causes of Nose Bleeds in Cats

Several factors may cause epistaxis in cats. Trauma or injury to the nose is a frequent reason, often due to accidents or fights. Blood clotting disorders such as coagulopathy impair normal clotting, making nose bleeds more likely. Infections, including bacterial or fungal ones, can irritate nasal tissues leading to bleeding. Tumours, whether benign or malignant, can erode blood vessels inside the nose. Additionally, exposure to certain poisons, like anticoagulant rodenticides, may cause bleeding issues. Sometimes, foreign objects lodged in the nasal passages also trigger bleeding.

Recognising the Signs

The most apparent indication of epistaxis is blood discharge from one or both nostrils. Cats may also sneeze or paw at their face frequently. Other concerning signs include weakness, lethargy, pale gums, and in severe cases, collapse. Immediate veterinary attention is essential if you observe persistent bleeding or signs of distress in your cat.

How Is Epistaxis Diagnosed?

A vet will perform a thorough examination and may request diagnostic tests to pinpoint the cause. These tests could include a complete blood count, coagulation profile, blood chemistry, urinalysis, X-rays, or a CAT scan. Nasal endoscopy might be used to visually inspect nasal passages for foreign bodies or tumours. Detailed diagnosis ensures the most effective treatment plan is devised.

Treatment Approaches Based on Cause

Treatment varies depending on the underlying issue. If a clotting disorder like coagulopathy is the cause, hospitalisation for close monitoring and treatment is necessary, often addressing liver disease. Blood transfusions help stabilise cats with haemophilia. Antibiotics are prescribed for bacterial infections, emphasizing the importance of completing the full course. For tumours or bone marrow problems, a veterinary oncologist may recommend chemotherapy or radiotherapy. If a foreign object causes bleeding, removal followed by appropriate therapy, such as nasal sprays, is required.

Supporting Your Cat During Recovery

After treatment, your cat should be kept in a calm, quiet environment to minimise stress and prevent further bleeding. Providing supportive care including rest, nutrition, and follow-up veterinary check-ups will help ensure complete recovery. Be attentive to your cat's behaviour and report any recurring symptoms to your vet promptly.

When to Seek Immediate Veterinary Help

If your cat’s nose bleed does not stop, appears severe, or is accompanied by collapse, laboured breathing, or significant weakness, seek urgent veterinary care. Prompt intervention can be lifesaving.

Promoting Responsible Cat Care

Regular health checks and vaccinations help prevent infections that may cause nasal bleeding. Avoid toxins around your home and supervise your cat outdoors to reduce the risk of trauma. Responsible pet ownership includes recognising early signs of illness and seeking veterinary advice without delay.