Five Common Diseases Affecting Elderly Cats

Like people, cats experience changes as they grow older. Cats are generally classified as elderly, or 'geriatric', from around the age of 12. During this stage of life, they are prone to various health conditions which, if detected early, can often be managed to enhance their quality of life. This article aims to raise awareness about five of the most common diseases in older cats, how to recognise their signs, and the importance of regular veterinary care.

1. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Chronic Kidney Disease is one of the most frequent problems affecting elderly cats, and may sometimes appear in middle-aged felines as well. Unfortunately, the damage to the kidneys is irreversible and progressively worsens over time. Symptoms to watch for include increased thirst, urination, poor appetite, weight loss, vomiting, bad breath, a dull coat, lethargy, and depression. Although CKD cannot be cured, modern veterinary treatments involving medication and specialised diets can slow disease progression and prolong your cat's life. Prompt consultation with a vet is essential if these symptoms arise.

2. Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism results from an overactive thyroid gland, leading to an accelerated metabolic rate in older cats. Key signs include weight loss despite increased appetite and thirst, hyperactivity, restlessness, vomiting, diarrhoea, and a poor coat condition. If left untreated, it can cause high blood pressure that may result in serious complications such as eye damage and blindness. Treatment options include medication, surgery, or radioactive iodine therapy. Consulting your vet to determine the best course for your cat is vital for restoring normalcy and preventing severe outcomes.

3. Arthritis

Arthritis, or joint inflammation, is extremely common in older cats but can often go unnoticed as cats tend to hide their pain. Signs include stiffness, reluctance to jump or climb, difficulty grooming, reduced playfulness, grumpiness, and challenges using the litter tray if it has high sides. While arthritis cannot be cured, pain relief medications prescribed by your vet can make a significant difference and enable your cat to regain activity. Maintaining a healthy weight is also crucial to easing joint stress and discomfort.

4. Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes, the inability to control blood sugar levels properly, is seen predominantly in overweight older cats. Symptoms closely resemble those of kidney disease and include increased thirst and appetite, urination, weight loss, lethargy, vomiting, and vulnerability to skin and urinary infections. Although diabetes is a chronic condition, early diagnosis and proper management can effectively control the disease, improving your cat's quality and length of life. Your vet will guide you through suitable treatments, dietary adjustments, and monitoring.

5. Cancer

Cancer remains a significant health concern in elderly cats but is no longer an automatic death sentence. Early detection through regular checks for lumps, bumps, or other unusual signs is crucial. Not all lumps are cancerous; they might be benign tumours, cysts, or abscesses. Symptoms vary depending on the affected organs but may include weight loss, increased thirst and urination, vomiting, diarrhoea, and a poor coat condition. Veterinary options such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are increasingly available, offering hope for treatment or extended quality life.

Many of these common diseases share similar symptoms like weight loss, vomiting, and changes in coat condition, which can make early recognition challenging. Therefore, rather than attempting self-diagnosis, it is essential to take your elderly cat to the vet for thorough testing when such changes are noticed. Regular veterinary visits are especially important for senior cats, as they cannot tell us when they feel unwell. Catching health issues early can significantly improve management and outcomes, enabling your cat to enjoy a comfortable, happy life well into their senior years.

Responsible cat ownership includes understanding these common elderly cat diseases and acting swiftly if you suspect something is wrong. For more information or to find a Maine Coon kitten or other cat breeders, visit reputable sources and always prioritise your cat’s welfare and health.