Five Uncommon Spaniel Breeds You Might Not Know

Most dog lovers in the UK instantly picture the English springer, cocker, and Cavalier King Charles spaniels when imagining spaniels. Yet, over twenty spaniel breeds are recognised worldwide, and many are unfamiliar to even experienced dog enthusiasts. This article invites you to explore five lesser-known spaniel breeds, each with unique histories and characteristics.

The Russian Spaniel

The Russian spaniel is a relatively new breed, popular mainly in Russia, but not yet officially recognised in the UK. Developed in the former Soviet Union mainly through crossing English cockers and springer spaniels, the breed’s look falls between these two UK favourites. Originally bred for gundog work, they only began gaining notice outside Russia in the 1990s, making them still quite rare internationally.

The Stabyhoun (Stabij)

The Stabyhoun, also known as the Stabij, is one of the rarest dog breeds globally, originating from Friesland in the Netherlands. With only a few thousand worldwide, it stands among the five rarest breeds since 2013. This spaniel-like breed is known for its distinct curled coat and plumed tail. It has a rich history dating to the early 1800s but remained localised until gaining limited international exposure after 2000.

The Picardy Spaniel

A French gundog, the Picardy spaniel boasts a long history linked to French nobility, making it one of Europe's oldest spaniel breeds. Though popular in France for centuries, its numbers declined from the 1900s as English spaniels were imported. The Picardy remains relatively large for a spaniel, with a stature similar to the English setter, and retains the distinctive spaniel head and ears.

The German Spaniel

Known in Germany as the Deutscher Wachtelhund or German spaniel, this strong and muscular breed was initially derived from the historic Stoeberer dogs prevalent in 19th-century Germany. Recognised as a distinct breed by German and several international kennel clubs (but not currently in the UK), these spaniels shine as efficient hunting dogs. Most display a rich mahogany brown coat sometimes interspersed with white markings. The breed shares lineage with the Small Munsterlander, another working dog with roots tracing back several centuries.

The Boykin Spaniel

Emerging in the US during the 1990s, the Boykin spaniel is prized for its hunting ability in swampy and wet environments, thanks to its natural affinity for water and resilience with muddy conditions. Slightly taller and more robust than the English cocker, the breed’s origins remain partly mysterious, stemming from a spaniel foundation dog rescued as a stray. However, prospective owners should be aware that genetic health issues are a concern: hip dysplasia affects over 35% of Boykin spaniels. Responsible breeding focused on health is crucial for this breed's future recognition and wellbeing.

Exploring these five lesser-known spaniel breeds reveals the wide genetic, historical, and regional diversity encompassed by the spaniel family. Each breed carries a unique story, from royal connections to rare regional populations, enriching the tapestry of canine heritage. Whether you are a collector of unique breeds or simply curious about spaniels beyond the mainstream, understanding these breeds broadens appreciation while encouraging responsible ownership and ethical breeding practices.