5 Subtle Signs Your Older Dog May Have Dementia

Dementia in dogs, also known as canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCD), is a condition that can deeply affect both pets and their owners. Recognising the subtle earliest signs can lead to timely diagnosis and better quality of life for your ageing companion.

While not every senior dog develops dementia, the risk increases with age. It is vital to maintain regular veterinary check-ups—ideally every six months—to monitor physical and behavioural changes. Subtle shifts may indicate the onset of cognitive decline, so an early conversation with your vet is essential.

Veterinarians use assessment tools like the Canine Dementia Scale (CADES) to evaluate symptoms and their severity. Typical signs fall under the DISHAA acronym: Disorientation, Interaction changes, Sleep/wake cycle disturbances, House soiling, Activity changes, and Anxiety. Though CCD cannot be cured, early intervention and management strategies can slow progression and improve your dog’s quality of life.

1. Forgetting Familiar Commands and Routines

Older dogs affected by dementia often begin to forget well-known commands they once reliably followed, such as "sit," "stay," or "come." They may appear confused or slower to respond, which is not deliberate disobedience but a sign of cognitive decline. Additionally, dogs might forget usual locations for their belongings like favourite toys, food bowls, or leads.

2. Failing to Recognise Familiar Faces or Places

One of the most distressing signs is when your dog seems not to recognise familiar people, including family members or close friends, and even common places like regular walking routes. This forgetfulness can be inconsistent, with lucid moments alternating with confusion. This resembles the human experience of dementia and can be heartbreaking to witness.

3. Inappropriate Toileting

An older dog suddenly toileting indoors, especially if well house-trained, should prompt veterinary evaluation. While cognitive decline may be responsible, physical ailments might also cause this behaviour. Addressing the issue early helps identify the cause and aids in managing symptoms compassionately.

4. Spending More Time Sleeping or Resting

Though reduced activity and increased napping are normal with age, dogs with dementia tend to rest significantly more than their peers. If your senior dog seems reluctant to partake in usual walks or playtime, preferring extended periods of sleep, cognitive dysfunction might be influencing their behaviour.

5. Wandering and Wandering Aimlessly

Dementia can cause disorientation leading dogs to wander aimlessly in the home or garden. They may appear to be searching for something forgotten or get lost in familiar surroundings. Night-time pacing or wandering is also common. Creating a safe environment to prevent accidents is crucial.

How to Support Your Older Dog with Dementia

Since canine dementia has no cure, the goal of care is to enhance quality of life. Discuss with your vet the best strategies, including:

• Environmental adaptations to reduce hazards and confusion
• Regular mental stimulation with interactive toys and safe puzzles
• Consistent daily routines to provide comfort and security
• Prescription diets and supplements to support brain health
• Medications that improve cerebral blood flow if appropriate
• Managing other chronic health conditions that may worsen symptoms

Regular veterinary monitoring ensures that your dog's health and well-being are optimised as much as possible during their later years.

Above all, patience and love provide your dog with the best support through the challenges of dementia.

Knowing these subtle signs and early intervention can greatly improve the lives of both you and your dog as they age. If you notice any of these changes, consult your vet promptly to explore diagnosis and tailored care options.