Four hidden dangers in outdoor water sources for dogs

Dogs are often indifferent to the cleanliness of water they drink, sometimes opting for puddles, streams, or even sea water instead of fresh water from their bowls. Swimming and paddling in natural water bodies like ponds, lakes, and seas can provide great exercise and enjoyment for dogs, especially those breeds that love water, such as the flat coated retriever or Newfoundland dog. However, outdoor water can harbour hidden dangers that are not always visible, posing serious health risks to your pet.

This article highlights four key hidden dangers lurking in outdoor water sources and how to keep your dog safe.

1. Blue/Green Algae (Cyanobacteria)

Blue-green algae are microscopic bacteria thriving in warm, stagnant freshwater such as lakes, ponds, and streams, often appearing as green scum or pond scum on the water surface. While sometimes visible, algae blooms may not always be obvious before they develop. Despite its foul, musty smell discouraging humans, dogs may be attracted to it, risking exposure.

Contact or ingestion of blue-green algae toxins can cause severe symptoms in dogs including skin irritation, rashes, liver and kidney damage, and central nervous system problems. In severe cases, poisoning can lead to seizures, collapse, or even death within hours. It is vital to avoid allowing your dog to swim in or drink from water suspected to contain algae blooms and to rinse your dog thoroughly if exposure is suspected.

2. Saltwater Toxicity

Sea swimming offers excellent exercise, but saltwater is not safe for dogs to drink. While most dogs avoid salt water due to its bitter taste, if they lack access to freshwater, they might lap seawater. Excessive ingestion can lead to salt poisoning or hypernatremia, where high salt levels cause the intestines to draw water from the bloodstream. Symptoms include diarrhoea, dehydration, seizures, and collapse, requiring immediate vet care.

To prevent saltwater toxicity, offer your dog fresh water every 15 minutes during beach visits and avoid using highly absorbent toys that soak up sea water and drip it into your dog's mouth when retrieved.

3. Jellyfish Stings

UK coastal waters can contain jellyfish, ranging widely in size and often transparent or water-coloured, making them hard to spot. Dogs can be stung through accidental contact while swimming or playing in the surf. Minor stings may cause discomfort similar to insect bites; however, multiple or large stings may trigger anaphylactic shock, a life-threatening emergency.

It's advisable to avoid beaches where jellyfish are visibly washed ashore, as these areas might have multiple jellyfish swimming nearby. Vigilance during coastal outings ensures your dog’s safety.

4. Bacterial and Parasitic Infections

Natural water bodies can harbour a variety of harmful bacteria and parasites. A notable bacterial risk is leptospirosis, transmitted through water contaminated by urine from rodents. This disease can cause liver and kidney damage, fever, lethargy, vomiting, and diarrhoea in dogs, sometimes with delayed onset after exposure. Leptospirosis can be fatal but is preventable through vaccination, which is recommended for dogs that enjoy swimming or outdoor water exposure.

Other bacteria and parasites such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia cause gastrointestinal illnesses but have no available vaccines, so prevention through avoiding stagnant or contaminated waters is crucial. Communal water bowls and puddles can also spread viruses and fungal infections.

Protective Measures for Responsible Dog Ownership

• Provide Fresh Water: Always carry and offer fresh water to your dog during outdoor outings.
• Avoid Suspicious Water: Prevent your dog from drinking or swimming in water that is stagnant, discoloured, or showing signs of algae or litter.
• Rinse After Swimming: Rinse your dog with clean water after any natural water exposure to remove toxins or contaminants.
• Vaccinate: Keep vaccinations up to date, especially for leptospirosis, to protect against bacterial infections.
• Vet Attention: Seek veterinary care immediately if your dog exhibits symptoms such as seizures, vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, or collapse after water exposure.

Being aware of these hidden dangers and taking proactive steps can keep your dog healthy and safe while still enjoying fun water activities. Responsible pet ownership means recognising risks and making informed choices to protect your beloved companion.