Gastroesophageal Reflux in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms & Care
Gastroesophageal reflux, commonly known as acid reflux, is a digestive condition that affects many dogs, especially younger ones. It occurs when stomach acid and other digestive fluids flow back into the oesophagus, causing irritation and discomfort. This happens when the lower oesophageal sphincter – the muscle at the junction of the oesophagus and stomach – weakens or malfunctions, allowing reflux of gastric contents.
Dogs Most at Risk of Acid Reflux
While gastroesophageal reflux can affect any breed or age, younger dogs seem to be more frequently affected, although the exact reason is still unclear. Dogs with certain pre-existing conditions, such as megaesophagus or anatomical changes, dogs undergoing anaesthesia, or those with congenital disorders like hiatal hernia, may also be at greater risk.
If you are looking to find a puppy, it’s important to understand common health concerns like reflux to ensure responsible ownership and early veterinary support if needed.
Causes and Triggers of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Dogs
The stomach contains acidic fluids including stomach acid, bile salts, pepsin, and other digestive enzymes that help break down food. If these fluids reflux into the oesophagus, they damage its protective mucous lining, causing inflammation called oesophagitis. This can result in painful symptoms and further complications.
Common causes include:
- Dysfunction or damage to the lower oesophageal sphincter
- Reaction to anaesthesia during surgeries – dogs should not eat before procedures to avoid reflux risk
- Congenital disorders such as hiatal hernia
- Repeated vomiting or diseases affecting the mouth or throat
- Megaesophagus – a condition where the oesophagus is abnormally enlarged or weak
Recognising Symptoms of Acid Reflux in Dogs
Symptoms depend on the severity of oesophageal damage. Mild cases might show subtle signs, while severe ulceration brings more obvious and serious symptoms. Watch for signs such as:
- Regurgitation of undigested food
- Discomfort or pain when swallowing
- Reduced appetite or refusal to eat
- Weight loss
- Poor coat condition
- Excessive salivation or drooling
- Fever – may indicate secondary infection or complications
Diagnosing Gastroesophageal Reflux
A vet will take a detailed history and conduct a thorough examination. Endoscopy – inserting a small camera into the oesophagus – is often used to assess tissue damage, presence of ulcers, and possible bleeding. The vet will also look for other causes such as foreign objects or tumours that might cause similar symptoms.
Treatment and Management of Acid Reflux
Most cases are managed on an outpatient basis. Treatment includes:
- Fasting the dog for a couple of days to allow the oesophagus to heal
- Feeding a specialised low-fat, low-protein diet to reduce stomach acid production and improve muscle function of the gastroesophageal sphincter
- Small, frequent meals instead of large portions to ease digestion
- Medications that enhance gastrointestinal motility and strengthen the muscle between the stomach and oesophagus
- Drugs to reduce acid secretion and protect the oesophageal lining
Following successful treatment, maintaining a strict diet and monitoring for recurrence are vital. Any return of symptoms should prompt veterinary reassessment.
Living Supportively with a Dog Prone to Gastroesophageal Reflux
Dogs diagnosed with reflux conditions benefit from consistent dietary management and regular vet checks. Avoiding triggers such as fatty meals or rapid eating can help prevent flare-ups. Observing your dog’s behaviour and appetite carefully allows early intervention if symptoms return.
This condition, though uncomfortable, is manageable with informed care and veterinary guidance. Responsible owners play a key role in recognising signs early and ensuring ongoing support for their canine companions.
For guidance on responsible puppy acquisition, you can visit reputable breeders and find a puppy who suits your lifestyle and health considerations.
