German Spitz dog hereditary health problems update 2025

The German Spitz dog, sometimes called the American Eskimo dog, remains a popular and versatile companion in Germany and the USA, though less common in the UK. These small, lively dogs come mainly in two UK Kennel Club recognised sizes: Klein (5-8kg) and Mittel (7-11kg). They generally enjoy robust health but—as with all pedigree breeds—there are hereditary health conditions owners should be aware of when considering this breed.

Patellar Luxation

Patellar luxation, impacting the kneecap's stability, continues to be a notable concern in German Spitz dogs, particularly the smaller Klein and Mittel varieties. This condition causes the kneecap to slip out of place, leading to pain or difficulty moving. Early veterinary diagnosis and monitoring are essential, and while mild cases might be managed conservatively, some may require surgical correction. Regular health checks help catch symptoms early to maintain your dog's mobility and comfort.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy and Other Eye Conditions

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) is a group of painless yet progressive diseases that lead to blindness over time. The British Veterinary Association (BVA) and the International Sheep Dog Society (ISDS) offer eye screening schemes in the UK to test breeding dogs and litters for PRA, retinal dysplasia, and other eye conditions such as multifocal retinal dysplasia and persistent pupillary membranes. Prospective owners should ask breeders to provide up-to-date eye test certificates confirming clear results for both parents and the litter.

Epilepsy

Though less common, epilepsy has been reported in German Spitz dogs. Seizures can be distressing but are often manageable with veterinary supervision and medication. If you observe any neurological symptoms such as odd behaviour or seizures in your dog, prompt veterinary consultation is crucial. Discuss any known family history of epilepsy with your breeder to understand potential risks.

Hip Dysplasia

Hip dysplasia, often linked to larger breeds, can also affect German Spitz dogs. This condition involves abnormal hip joint formation leading to arthritis and impaired mobility over time. The UK Kennel Club does not currently require hip scoring for German Spitz breeders due to limited population data in the UK. Nevertheless, responsible breeders may conduct voluntary screening, especially in countries where the breed is more common. Ask breeders about the hip health of the parents and ancestry to assess risk.

Disease Management and Prevention

• Regular Vet Visits: Annual health checks, including eye exams, help early detection and treatment of potential hereditary issues.
• Exercise and Diet: Keeping your German Spitz fit and at a healthy weight supports joint and overall health. Their active nature means mental and physical stimulation is important.
• Grooming: Their thick double coat needs regular brushing to prevent mats and maintain skin health.
• Dental Care: Good oral hygiene prevents dental diseases reported occasionally in the breed.

Key Questions to Ask Breeders

When searching for a German Spitz puppy, partnering with a reputable breeder who prioritises health is essential. Important queries include:

• Have both parents had recent BVA/ISDS eye tests with clear results?
• Has the litter undergone eye condition screening at 6–8 weeks?
• Is there any family history of patellar luxation, epilepsy, or hip dysplasia?
• Does the breeder participate in voluntary hip scoring or other health tests?
• Can you meet the puppy’s parents to assess health and temperament?

Promoting Responsible Ownership

Choosing a German Spitz is rewarding, but it comes with responsibility. Prioritising puppies from breeders committed to comprehensive health testing reduces hereditary disease risks and supports the breed’s long-term welfare. With good veterinary care, a loving home, and ample exercise and enrichment, your German Spitz can lead a happy, healthy life.