Haematuria in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Guide

Haematuria in dogs refers to the presence of blood in their urine, often indicating an underlying health issue that requires prompt veterinary attention. It can appear as visibly red or discoloured urine or may only be detected microscopically through laboratory tests. Understanding the causes and symptoms is essential for responsible pet owners to help their dogs get timely care.

Understanding Haematuria in Dogs

Haematuria signifies bleeding somewhere along the urinary tract, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and in male dogs, the prostate gland. The blood may be visible grossly or detected only on microscopic examination. Both male and female dogs can develop haematuria, although females are often more prone to urinary tract infections, a common cause. Older dogs may have neoplastic conditions, while younger dogs could show hereditary issues linked to the condition.

Common Signs and Symptoms to Recognise

The most obvious symptom of haematuria is blood in the urine. Dogs may to strain or experience discomfort when urinating. Other signs include:

• Abdominal pain and tenderness on examination
• Frequent attempts to urinate passing small amounts
• Lethargy or weakness if an underlying systemic condition is present
• Visible blood clots or red discolouration of urine
• Subdermal haemorrhages in cases of blood clotting disorders

Primary Causes of Blood in Dog Urine

Haematuria can stem from a diverse range of causes. The major ones include:

1. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): The most frequent cause; bacteria irritate the bladder lining causing bleeding.
2. Bladder Stones: Mineral concretions that can traumatise the urinary tract lining and cause bleeding. Treatment depends on stone type and size.
3. Kidney Disease: Including infections, cystic/ familial kidney disorders, or tumours.
4. Prostate Disease (in males): Enlargement, infection or cancer of the prostate can produce haematuria.
5. Blood Clotting Disorders: Conditions such as thrombocytopenia lead to widespread bleeding, including the urine.
6. Trauma: Injury anywhere along the urinary tract from accidents or external trauma.
7. Neoplasia: Tumours or cancer affecting the urinary system or associated organs.

Diagnostic Approach by Your Veterinarian

A veterinarian will require a comprehensive medical history, including the timeline of symptom onset and any prior health issues. The examination will assess the abdomen, urinary tract, and possibly the prostate in males. Recommended diagnostic tests include:

• Complete blood count and chemistry profile to evaluate organ function and clotting status
• Urinalysis to detect blood, infection, crystals, or abnormal cells
• Ultrasound and X-rays for imaging stones, tumours, or anatomical anomalies
• Biopsy or cystoscopy for definitive diagnosis where necessary
• Examination of ejaculate samples when prostate disease is suspected

Treatment Options Tailored to Cause

Treatment depends entirely on the diagnosed underlying cause. Examples include:

• Antibiotics for bacterial infections
• Dietary management or surgery for bladder stones
• Supportive care including fluid therapy, hospitalisation, and possibly blood transfusions for severe dehydration or blood loss
• Medications to manage blood clotting disorders or cancer treatments where appropriate
• Ongoing monitoring and follow-up care to adjust therapies and improve the dog's quality of life

Living With and Supporting a Dog With Haematuria

Depending on the severity and cause, some dogs may be treated as outpatients while others require hospital care. Responsible owners should follow veterinary advice closely, monitor their dog's symptoms, and ensure regular check-ups. Maintaining hydration and a stable environment helps support recovery. Early diagnosis and treatment greatly enhance outcomes and comfort.

When Should You Seek Veterinary Help Immediately?

If you notice blood in your dog’s urine, or if your dog shows signs of pain, lethargy, vomiting, or inability to urinate, seek veterinary care promptly. Haematuria may indicate serious disease processes that require urgent intervention, especially if linked to toxins, blood clotting disorders, or cancers.

Conclusion

Haematuria in dogs is a significant symptom signalling possible urinary tract disease, infection, clotting problems, trauma, or cancer. Recognising the signs early and seeking veterinary evaluation ensures timely diagnosis and treatment. Through collaboration with your vet and vigilant care, you can help your beloved companion recover and maintain their quality of life.

For those considering getting a dog, it is important to find a puppy through reputable breeders or adoption channels to support ethical pet ownership.