Tom and Jerry syndrome in cats: Causes, symptoms & care

Tom and Jerry syndrome, scientifically called Feline Audiogenic Reflex Seizures (FARS), is a rare but important condition affecting older cats, characterised by seizures triggered specifically by certain sounds. Despite its light-hearted name inspired by the cartoon cat "Tom," this syndrome is a serious neurological disorder requiring awareness among cat owners and veterinarians alike.

What is Tom and Jerry syndrome?

The term comes from how affected cats react much like the cartoon character Tom, startled and jerking at sounds. Cats have very sensitive hearing and can detect high-frequency noises made by their natural prey like mice. In some senior cats, these sounds or similar high-pitched household noises trigger seizures.

Common triggers include:

• Crinkling tinfoil or plastic
• Clinking glassware
• The metallic sound of a spoon on ceramic bowls

The seizures can vary from brief involuntary muscle jerks (myoclonic seizures) to full convulsions with loss of consciousness. This reflex seizure response to sound stimuli gives the syndrome its scientific name.

Which cats are affected?

This condition is predominantly seen in older cats, with the average onset around 15 years of age. While any breed can be affected, studies have noted a higher incidence in Birman cats among reported cases. Both pedigree and non-pedigree cats may suffer, and the exact reasons why remain unknown. It does not appear to be linked to deafness as even cats with sensitive hearing across specific frequencies are susceptible.

Why does it occur?

The precise cause of Tom and Jerry syndrome remains unclear. Researchers suspect it could involve genetic predispositions or age-related changes in the brain that increase sensitivity to specific acoustic stimuli. As the condition has only recently been recognised and studied, many cases might go unreported or misdiagnosed, especially since many older cats develop multiple health issues which can mask seizure symptoms.

How can you identify it?

Signs of FARS vary depending on the severity of the seizures. Affected cats may display:

• Sudden jerks or twitches triggered by specific sounds
• More severe seizures causing collapse, convulsions, or loss of awareness
• Brief muscle spasms lasting a second or two

Many of these responses closely resemble the startle reactions seen in the “Tom and Jerry” cartoons. Because not all cats react to the same triggers or with the same intensity, tracking the relationship between sounds and episodes is essential.

If you observe such behaviours, consult your vet and mention Tom and Jerry syndrome or Feline Audiogenic Reflex Seizures. Early recognition helps in managing the condition effectively.

How is it diagnosed and managed?

Diagnosis often involves careful observation of seizure patterns and identifying triggering sounds. Since this syndrome predominantly affects elderly cats, it may be confused with other neurological disorders. Veterinary neurological assessment is vital.

Management aims at reducing seizure frequency by:

• Minimising the cat's exposure to known sound triggers
• Using anticonvulsant medications like levetiracetam when appropriate
• Creating a calm and safe environment for the cat

With proper veterinary guidance and owner vigilance, many cats live comfortably with this syndrome, maintaining a good quality of life despite the condition.

Conclusion

Tom and Jerry syndrome is a fascinating yet complex condition affecting older cats, involving seizures triggered by specific sounds. While relatively newly recognised, increasing awareness helps in timely diagnosis and management. Cat owners should monitor any unusual jerky or seizure-like behaviour related to sounds in their senior cats and seek veterinary advice promptly. Responsible pet ownership includes attentive observation and collaboration with vets to ensure the best possible care for our beloved feline companions as they age.