Common Health Issues in Bernese Mountain Dogs: A 2025 Guide

The Bernese Mountain Dog is a striking and loyal breed, beloved by many. They typically live between 7 and 10 years, though their large size means they can be predisposed to specific health issues. Understanding these common conditions helps owners provide the best care and detect problems early, enhancing lifespan and quality of life.

1. Hip Dysplasia in Bernese Mountain Dogs

Hip dysplasia is a hereditary disorder where the hip joint forms abnormally, leading to joint instability and arthritis. It often becomes noticeable between six months and one year of age with symptoms like hindlimb lameness, stiffness, and difficulty climbing stairs. Excess weight and over-exercising young dogs can worsen the condition.

Early diagnosis is vital. Treatments can include anti-inflammatory medications, physiotherapy such as hydrotherapy, and in severe cases, surgical correction. Maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding excessive strain supports joint health.

2. Elbow Dysplasia and Joint Health

Elbow dysplasia, another common inherited condition, affects the elbow joint and causes forelimb lameness and pain due to developmental abnormalities. Like hip dysplasia, it can progress to arthritis, particularly if the dog is overweight or exercised too vigorously in puppyhood.

Management includes veterinary-recommended medication, controlled exercise, physiotherapy, and sometimes surgery. Responsible breeders screen for these issues to reduce incidence.

3. Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (Bloat)

Bloat, or Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV), is a life-threatening emergency common in large, deep-chested breeds like Bernese Mountain Dogs. The stomach fills with gas and twists, blocking blood flow and causing shock.

Signs include a swollen abdomen, restlessness, drooling, and attempts to vomit without success. Immediate veterinary attention is critical. Preventative measures include feeding multiple small meals daily and avoiding vigorous exercise immediately after meals. Prophylactic surgical gastropexy may be recommended by vets.

4. Cancer Risks and Vigilance

Cancer is a leading cause of death in Bernese Mountain Dogs, with histiocytic sarcoma among the most common types. Older dogs are at higher risk, but younger dogs may also develop cancer.

Regular veterinary check-ups, monitoring for lumps, changes in appetite, unexplained weight loss, or lethargy are essential. Early diagnosis improves treatment options and comfort for your pet. Genetic screening and responsible breeding reduce cancer prevalence in the breed.

5. Eye Conditions Including Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)

Bernese Mountain Dogs can inherit eye disorders like PRA, a progressive degeneration of the retina leading to vision loss. Other issues include cataracts and eyelid abnormalities such as entropion.

Owners should seek veterinary advice if they notice signs of vision impairment. Regular eye examinations help detect issues early. Genetic testing is available to identify carriers and affected dogs, supporting responsible breeding practices.

6. Von Willebrand's Disease (vWD): A Bleeding Disorder

vWD is a genetic clotting disorder reducing a protein critical for normal blood clotting. Symptoms include frequent nosebleeds, prolonged bleeding after injuries or surgery, and easy bruising.

Diagnosis is through DNA testing. While there is no cure, managing the condition includes avoiding injury risks and informing vets before procedures. Responsible breeders ensure they do not breed carriers, greatly reducing incidence.

7. Hypothyroidism and Other Health Concerns

Hypothyroidism caused by underactive thyroid glands affects metabolism, leading to weight gain, lethargy, and skin problems. It is manageable with lifelong medication.

Other concerns include kidney disease, allergies, and eosinophilic panosteitis ("growing pains"), which causes temporary bone pain in young dogs. Regular vet visits and early detection improve outcomes.

Getting a Bernese Mountain Dog Puppy

If you are considering welcoming a Bernese Mountain Dog puppy to your home, it is crucial to find a reputable and responsible breeder. Such breeders screen for hereditary diseases, including hip and elbow dysplasia, vWD, and eye disorders, helping to lower the risk of health problems.

Always ask to see health clearances and discuss the puppy’s pedigree. Avoid breeders who cannot provide transparency, and consider adopting from rescue groups where possible.

Conclusion

The Bernese Mountain Dog is a magnificent and affectionate breed with some predispositions to specific health issues, notably joint problems, bloat, cancer, and genetic disorders. Knowledge and vigilance enable owners to spot early warning signs, seek prompt veterinary input, and manage these conditions effectively.

By partnering with responsible breeders and prioritising regular health checks, owners can provide their Bernese Mountain Dogs with the best chance of a long, comfortable, and happy life.