Pomeranian Dog Health, Longevity & Care Guide

The Pomeranian dog, often affectionately called the Pom or Pom Pom, is a charming small spitz breed originating from the Pomerania region, located between Poland and Germany. Despite their toy size, they are closely related to larger spitz breeds such as the German spitz. The Pomeranian is primarily kept as a companion pet rather than a working dog.

Historically, the breed rose to popularity across Europe from the 1800s and became especially well-known as a favourite among royalty, notably Queen Victoria. Her preference for smaller Pomeranians encouraged breeding for more diminutive sizes.

Today, the Pomeranian remains highly popular in the UK and worldwide due to its affectionate nature, lively temperament, and adaptability to family life. However, as with all purebred dogs, prospective owners should be mindful of the breed’s hereditary health vulnerabilities and care requirements.

General Care for Pomeranian Dogs

Pomeranians, while spirited and bold, are primarily companion animals and require responsible, attentive care tailored to their unique needs. Their thick and luxurious double coat demands regular grooming to prevent matting and maintain skin health. Daily brushing is recommended to keep their fur free from tangles and promote a healthy shine.

This breed can exhibit high energy levels and a confident demeanour. They thrive with regular exercise to stimulate both mind and body but should be supervised around larger dogs due to their small size. Owners should ensure their Pomeranian always has a comfortable, shaded place to cool off during warmer months, as their dense coat can make temperature regulation challenging.

Breed-Specific Health Tests and Responsible Breeding

Reputable breeders adhere to breed health schemes endorsed by The Kennel Club and the British Veterinary Association, which include important tests to safeguard against hereditary conditions in Pomeranians.

Key tests recommended include:

• Elbow dysplasia scoring: This detects abnormalities in elbow joints that can cause lameness and pain.
• Syringomyelia screening: A neurological condition affecting the spinal cord causing pain and mobility issues.

Whilst testing for the merle gene—which can cause serious hereditary defects—is possible, it is not currently a compulsory part of these schemes. Ethical breeders will also conduct comprehensive health checks and avoid breeding dogs with known genetic problems to promote the breed’s long-term wellbeing.

Common Health Issues Affecting Pomeranians

Despite their robustness, Pomeranians may experience several inherited and conformational health issues. Awareness and early veterinary intervention are key to managing these conditions effectively.

• Elbow dysplasia: Joint malformation leading to arthritis and pain.
• Syringomyelia: A painful neurological condition requiring specialist care.
• Patellar luxation: Kneecap dislocation affecting mobility.
• Cervical spine subluxation: Spine misalignment causing discomfort and neurological symptoms.
• Hydrocephalus: Accumulation of fluid in the brain, mostly seen in puppies.
• Distal radial and ulna fractures: Bone fractures with a genetic component.
• Tracheal collapse: Causes breathing difficulties and chronic coughing; using a harness instead of a collar can help prevent strain.
• Cataracts: Age-related eye opacity affecting vision.
• Alopecia (hair loss): Often triggered by allergies or hormonal imbalances.
• Hypothyroidism: Underactive thyroid gland causing weight gain and lethargy.
• Cryptorchidism: Retention of one or both testicles in males, affecting breeding potential.
• Epilepsy: Seizure disorders requiring veterinary management.
• Entropion: Inward eyelash growth causing eye irritation.
• Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s disease): Excess cortisol production causing fur loss, thirst, and increased urination.
• Black skin disease (alopecia X): Rare genetic condition causing skin darkening and severe coat loss.
• Cardiac problems: Heart murmurs and arrhythmias typically worsen with age.

Promoting Longevity and Optimal Health in Your Pomeranian

With proper care, Pomeranians generally enjoy a lifespan of 12 to 16 years, making them one of the longer-living toy breeds. Achieving this requires a combination of genetics, nutrition, preventive healthcare, and attentive ownership.

1. Choose from reputable breeders who conduct all recommended health screenings to reduce inherited disorders. You can find Pomeranian puppies responsibly through trusted sources.
2. Maintain a balanced diet appropriate to their size and activity level to prevent obesity and metabolic issues.
3. Exercise daily with walks and playtime to sustain physical fitness and mental stimulation.
4. Practice regular grooming, including daily brushing and occasional professional trims to preserve coat integrity and skin health.
5. Provide dental care by brushing their teeth regularly and scheduling professional cleanings to prevent dental disease, which is common and can impact lifespan.
6. Use a harness instead of a collar to protect against tracheal collapse, especially during walks and physical activity.
7. Ensure regular veterinary check-ups, vaccinations, and parasite prevention to monitor health and treat conditions early.
8. Monitor your dog for any signs of distress or illness and seek veterinary advice promptly.

Questions About Pomeranian Health and Care

How long do Pomeranians typically live?

Quick Answer: Pomeranians usually live between 12 and 16 years, with good care potentially extending their lifespan.

Thanks to their small size and generally robust health, Pomeranians can enjoy a long life compared to many larger breeds. Their longevity depends on genetics, quality nutrition, regular exercise, and routine veterinary care.

Are there health tests specific to Pomeranians?

Quick Answer: Yes, tests like elbow dysplasia scoring and syringomyelia screening are recommended for Pomeranians, especially before breeding.

These tests help identify inherited conditions early, enabling responsible breeding decisions and health management to support the breed pool's wellbeing. Testing for the merle gene, though possible, is currently not mandatory in the UK health schemes.

What are common hereditary health issues in Pomeranians?

Quick Answer: Common hereditary health issues include patellar luxation, tracheal collapse, epilepsy, hypothyroidism, and black skin disease.

Awareness of these conditions allows owners to monitor symptoms and work closely with vets for early diagnosis and treatment. Maintaining overall health through proper diet, exercise, and preventive care can mitigate some risks.

How to find a reputable Pomeranian breeder in the UK?

When searching for a Pomeranian puppy, prioritise reputable breeders committed to health testing and ethical breeding practices. The Kennel Club’s recommended breeders are a trusted resource. Always ask about health screenings and the puppy’s parents’ health history.

Responsible breeders will provide documentation of all health checks, offer guidance on care, and be transparent about the breed’s requirements, supporting owners in raising happy, healthy Pomeranians.

Conclusion

Owning a Pomeranian is a rewarding experience filled with companionship and joy. Understanding their specific health challenges and care needs is key to ensuring they lead long, healthy lives. Through responsible breeding, regular health care, balanced nutrition, and attentive grooming, your Pomeranian can thrive well into their senior years.

By keeping a watchful eye on potential hereditary issues and maintaining a loving environment, you will enjoy many wonderful years with your lively and affectionate Pomeranian companion.