Health Problems Common to Pet Gerbils: Essential Care Guide

If you keep a gerbil, the chances are that it is a Mongolian gerbil, the most commonly kept variety in the UK. Mongolian gerbils are hardy and robust little animals, typically living around four years when well cared for. However, as a responsible owner, it's important to recognise the common health problems they may face, and know how to protect and care for your pet accordingly. This guide covers key health issues and practical advice to keep your gerbil happy and healthy.

Providing a Stable and Comfortable Environment

Maintaining a stable temperature within your gerbil's enclosure is fundamental to their wellbeing. The temperature should never fall below 10°C and care must be taken to prevent overheating by avoiding direct sunlight or proximity to radiators. During summer, you can gently direct a fan towards the enclosure to help your gerbil stay cool and comfortable, reducing stress and related health risks.

Selecting Safe and Suitable Bedding

Gerbils have sensitive skin and respiratory systems that can react adversely to certain bedding types. Avoid using strongly scented wood shavings, particularly from pine or cedar, as these may cause allergies, respiratory infections, and dermatitis. Instead, opt for dust-free, absorbent bedding specifically designed for small rodents to create a safe and comfortable living area.

Managing Dental Health

Gerbils' teeth grow continuously throughout their lives, so chewing is essential to keep their teeth trimmed naturally. Provide plenty of chew toys and safe materials like untreated wood blocks and cardboard to encourage gnawing. Overgrown teeth can lead to eating difficulties and weight loss. If you notice your gerbil struggling to eat or weight dropping, have their teeth checked and trimmed by a qualified vet experienced with small mammals.

Preventing and Recognising Digestive Upsets

A balanced diet rich in dry food and limited fresh fruit is vital to prevent diarrhoea and stomach issues. Excess wet or sugary foods can upset your gerbil’s digestive system. Persistent diarrhoea may indicate bacterial or viral infections such as Tyzzer disease and should prompt immediate veterinary attention. Early dietary adjustments and vet consultation can prevent serious illness.

Monitoring for Parasite Infections

Gerbils are susceptible to parasites including mites, lice, fleas, and ringworm. While uncommon in single-pet households, infestations can occur, especially if exposed to other animals. Watch for symptoms such as itching, hair loss, flaky skin, or sores. Isolate any affected gerbil, thoroughly clean the cage, and seek veterinary treatment to eradicate parasites and prevent spread.

Understanding and Managing Seizures

Approximately 20% of Mongolian gerbils experience seizures, often starting in youth and sometimes continuing lifelong. Seizures range from mild tremors to severe convulsions. There is a genetic predisposition, so breeding from affected individuals is discouraged to reduce prevalence. During seizures, keep your gerbil safe and avoid interference; the episode will usually pass within minutes. Maintaining a calm, low-stress environment helps reduce triggers.

Age-Related Health Issues: Stroke and Paralysis

As gerbils age, they may suffer from brain haemorrhages leading to strokes and partial paralysis. These conditions require urgent veterinary evaluation. Many recover from minor strokes, but severe or repeated instances may necessitate difficult decisions for their welfare. Unfortunately, stroke prevention is limited, so providing a safe, enriched environment to reduce stress remains vital as your gerbil grows older.

Additional Common Health Concerns

Other health issues reported in gerbils include scent gland tumours, skin conditions, respiratory infections, and cataracts. Scent gland tumours are particularly common in males and require veterinary attention to assess and treat appropriately. Regular cage cleaning, stress reduction, and appropriate nutrition contribute significantly to preventing many of these conditions.

Conclusion: Promoting Gerbil Health and Welfare

By understanding the common health problems that pet gerbils face and taking proactive steps to provide a stable environment, suitable diet, regular health monitoring, and veterinary care, you can ensure your Mongolian gerbil lives a long, happy, and healthy life. Responsible ownership involves recognising early signs of illness and seeking help promptly, which ultimately enriches the bond you share with your delightful little companion.