Hereditary Health & Testing Guide for Keeshond Dogs

The Keeshond is a medium-sized spitz-type dog breed known for its distinctive curled tail, pointed ears, and thick double coat. Originally bred in Germany, the Keeshond is closely related to the Pomeranian and other German spitz breeds. This affectionate and robust companion typically stands up to 18 inches tall at the withers and weighs around 20kg, with males generally larger than females.

The breed's coat comprises a dense, downy undercoat and a rough, straight topcoat, offering excellent insulation. The colouring ranges from shades of black and grey, tipped with black on the guard hairs, complemented by characteristic "spectacles" markings around the eyes. These features give the Keeshond its charming and expressive appearance.

Choosing a Keeshond puppy is a joyful decision but comes with responsibilities. Understanding their hereditary health profile and the recommended health testing practices is crucial to secure a lifetime of happiness for your new friend. This comprehensive guide will explore the breed's health risks, recommended testing protocols, and how to select reputable breeders to ensure optimal wellbeing.

Keeshond Lifespan and Genetic Diversity

The average lifespan of the Keeshond ranges from 12 to 14 years, which is commendable for a breed of its size. This longevity reflects the generally robust nature of the breed, although like all dogs, it can be affected by certain hereditary health concerns.

The breed exhibits a coefficient of inbreeding of approximately 6.6%, slightly above the ideal threshold of 6.25% for pedigree dogs. This minor level of inbreeding suggests that while genetic diversity is reasonable, responsible breeding practices are essential to avoid potential health issues linked to reduced diversity.

Important Conformation and Climate Considerations

The Keeshond’s sturdy, balanced build typically does not predispose it to structural problems. However, their luxurious thick coat necessitates special attention during warmer months to prevent overheating. Owners should provide plenty of shade, ensure fresh water is accessible, and limit intense exercise during hot weather.

Key Hereditary Health Concerns in Keeshonds

While the Keeshond breed is not predominantly afflicted by numerous health problems, there are some recognised hereditary conditions to be aware of. Responsible breeders and prospective owners should note the following:

• Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT): This inherited condition causes excessive parathyroid hormone release due to tumours, leading to elevated calcium levels in the blood. If undetected, it can result in kidney failure. Genetic testing is available for this autosomal dominant trait in Keeshonds, enabling early monitoring and intervention.
• Hip Dysplasia: A common joint disorder involving malformation of the hip, it may cause pain and mobility issues. Hip score testing is crucial, with the breed’s mean score around 12; prospective breeding dogs should score below this.
• Elbow Dysplasia: Similar to hip dysplasia, this condition affects the elbow joint and can cause lameness and discomfort.
• Patellar Luxation: This occurs when the kneecap dislocates, leading to pain and intermittent lameness.
• Primary Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): A genetic eye disorder causing gradual vision loss and eventual blindness. Owners should consider ophthalmologic screening as part of health testing.
• Mitral Valve Disease: A cardiac condition affecting the heart valves, potentially leading to heart failure. Regular heart examinations are recommended.
• Other Conditions: Some Keeshonds may be affected by hereditary epilepsy, type one diabetes, squamous cell carcinoma (skin cancer), alopecia (patchy hair loss), and certain cardiac anomalies like ventricular septal defect or patent ductus arteriosus.

Recommended Health Testing for Breeding Keeshonds

To support the health of future generations, the British Veterinary Association and the Kennel Club endorse specific pre-breeding health tests for the Keeshond. These include:

• Hip Score Testing: To evaluate the risk of hip dysplasia, breeding candidates should have hip scores below the breed mean.
• DNA Testing for Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Genetic screening helps identify carriers to avoid producing affected puppies.
• Elbow and Patellar Luxation Evaluation: Important assessments to exclude dogs with significant joint issues from breeding.
• Eye Examination by a Registered Ophthalmologist: To detect retinal diseases like PRA early.
• Cardiac Screening: Routine evaluations for heart conditions such as mitral valve disease.

Breeders following the Canine Health Information Center (CHIC) and Kennel Club guidelines ensure transparency and health integrity in their breeding lines. Prospective puppy buyers should seek health screening records and prefer puppies from responsible breeders committed to these protocols.

Supporting a Healthy Life for Your Keeshond

Responsible ownership extends beyond selecting a healthy puppy. Regular veterinary checkups, a balanced diet, suitable exercise, coat care, and prompt attention to any health changes will help your Keeshond thrive through its long lifespan.

Being aware of hereditary health risks enables early diagnosis and treatment, enhancing the quality of life for these charming dogs. Choosing reputable breeders who conduct recommended health testing significantly reduces the risk of inherited diseases.

Questions to Ask When Buying a Keeshond Puppy

When seeking to find a Keeshond puppy, consider asking breeders:

• Can you provide the parents’ health screening certificates, including hip and DNA tests?
• Are the puppies registered with the Kennel Club or another reputable body?
• What is the typical lifespan and health status of breeding lines?
• Can you share information about the puppies’ temperament and socialisation?
• What support and guidance do you offer new owners?

Responsible breeding and informed ownership are the cornerstones of enjoying the companionship of a healthy Keeshond.

Conclusion

The Keeshond is a delightful and generally healthy breed with notable longevity. Understanding hereditary health issues, committing to recommended health testing for breeding dogs, and choosing responsible breeders are vital steps for prospective owners. By doing so, you contribute to the wellbeing of the breed and secure a loving, healthy canine companion for many years.