Hereditary nasal parakeratosis (HNPK) is a genetic condition affecting Labrador retrievers that causes their noses to become dry, rough, and prone to cracking. This guide explains HNPK’s causes, symptoms, inheritance, testing process, and management to help owners and breeders support affected dogs responsibly.
HNPK arises from a mutation in the SUV39H2 gene, inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Dogs with two copies of the mutated gene develop the condition, while carriers with one copy show no symptoms but can pass the mutation to their offspring.
Typically, symptoms appear between six and twelve months of age and include:
The condition follows an autosomal recessive inheritance, meaning a dog must inherit two defective gene copies (one from each parent) to be affected. The classification of dogs according to HNPK status is:
The combinations of parent statuses affect the likelihood of affected, carrier, or clear puppies:
DNA testing for HNPK identifies whether a dog is clear, a carrier, or affected. This information is vital for breeding decisions to avoid mating two carriers, which can produce affected puppies. Breeders should strive to breed carriers only with clear dogs to gradually reduce the gene mutation’s incidence.
Contact your vet for advice on HNPK testing, especially if you plan to breed your Labrador. The vet can collect a DNA sample, either a cheek swab or blood sample, with minimal discomfort to your dog.
The sample is sent to an approved laboratory accredited by The Kennel Club or trusted veterinary genetic labs. Results typically arrive within a few days to a week.
Results will indicate if your dog is clear, carrier, or affected:
If your dog is a carrier or affected, consult with your vet or a canine geneticist to plan breeding or management. Responsible breeding avoids producing affected puppies and supports the long-term health of the breed.
There is no cure for HNPK, but good care can reduce discomfort and complications:
Early diagnosis and intervention improve quality of life, even though the condition persists lifelong.
Yes, crossbreeds with one Labrador parent may carry one copy of the mutated gene as carriers but will not usually develop the disease unless inheriting two copies.
No, HNPK is a hereditary genetic condition and cannot spread through contact.
Testing can be done at any age but is most important before breeding decisions are made.
HNPK affects only Labrador retrievers and is caused by a genetic mutation leading to nose dryness and irritation. Understanding inheritance, getting your dog DNA tested, and adopting responsible breeding practices reduce the incidence of this condition and improve affected dogs’ well-being. Lifelong management helps maintain affected Labradors’ comfort and prevents secondary complications.
If you are looking to find Labrador retriever puppies, choosing a breeder who tests for HNPK and other hereditary health conditions helps support the breed’s future health and happiness.