Hereditary Thrombopathia in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms & Care
Hereditary thrombopathia is an inherited genetic disorder affecting Basset Hound puppies and other breeds, causing abnormal bleeding due to impaired platelet function. This autosomal recessive condition means that a dog must inherit a mutated gene from both parents to show symptoms. Dogs carrying only one copy of the gene are asymptomatic carriers but can pass the disorder on to their offspring. Responsible breeding practices are essential, and affected dogs should never be used for breeding to prevent transmission.
Breeds Most at Risk and Genetic Basis
Hereditary thrombopathia has been identified primarily in these breeds:
The disorder affects platelet function, preventing blood from clotting properly. Platelets fail to aggregate and adhere as they should, leading to excessive bleeding, even from minor injuries. This malfunction is due to specific defects in platelet glycoproteins crucial for clotting processes.
Recognising the Symptoms
The symptoms of thrombopathia resemble other clotting disorders, making diagnosis a challenge. Common clinical signs include:
- Skin bruising with minimal trauma
- Bleeding gums
- Frequent nosebleeds
- Aural haematomas, particularly on the ears
- Prolonged bleeding from small wounds or injuries
- Excessive bleeding during female season cycles
- Heavy bleeding when baby teeth fall out
- Severe bleeding related to surgical or dental procedures
- Blood present in faeces or urine
Diagnosing Hereditary Thrombopathia
Blood counts and clotting factor levels in affected dogs are often normal, so standard blood tests may not detect the disorder. Definitive diagnosis requires specialised platelet function tests, usually performed by veterinary specialists. Genetic testing is also available to identify carriers and affected dogs, providing vital information for breeding management.
Treatment and Management Strategies
While there is no cure for hereditary thrombopathia, careful management significantly improves quality of life. Key strategies include:
- Avoiding situations where injury is likely
- Immediate veterinary attention for any bleeding episodes
- Careful monitoring during any surgical procedures with availability of blood transfusions
- Medications as prescribed by the vet to support clotting and manage symptoms
Effective communication with your vet and regular health checks are essential to manage risks and maintain your dog's wellbeing.
Preventing Hereditary Thrombopathia Through Responsible Breeding
Preventing the spread of thrombopathia is only possible by ensuring that affected dogs are not bred. All dogs intended for breeding should undergo genetic testing to determine their status:
- Clear (Genotype N/N): Not a carrier and safe for breeding
- Carrier (Genotype N/Thrombopathia): Does not develop the disorder but can pass it on
- Affected (Genotype Thrombopathia/Thrombopathia): Will develop the disorder and must be neutered or spayed
Spaying or neutering dogs diagnosed with thrombopathia is advised to prevent passing the condition to puppies. Breeders should prioritise health screening and genetic counselling to support the health of future generations.
Key Takeaways
Hereditary thrombopathia is a serious genetic disorder affecting blood clotting in certain dog breeds, particularly Basset Hounds and Finnish Spitz. Early diagnosis through specialised testing and effective management can greatly reduce health risks. Responsible breeding practices including genetic testing and removal of affected dogs from breeding programs are critical to prevent the disorder's spread. If you think your dog may show bleeding-related symptoms, seek veterinary advice promptly to ensure appropriate care and support.
