Hip dislocation in dogs: causes, symptoms & treatment

When considering the hip health of dogs, most people first think of hip dysplasia, especially owners of breeds prone to it, such as the German shepherd puppies and Labrador retriever puppies. However, hip dislocation is the second most common hip problem in dogs and is often mistaken for dysplasia.

Unlike hip dysplasia, which has a breed-related conformation cause, hip dislocations generally result from trauma or accidents, not genetic factors.

This comprehensive guide explores hip dislocation in dogs: what causes it, how to identify it, and current treatment options to relieve pain and restore mobility.

What causes hip dislocation in dogs?

The dog’s hip is a ball-and-socket joint where the femoral head (ball) fits snugly into the pelvic socket. This joint is supported strongly by muscles and ligaments, making dislocation difficult without trauma.

Dislocations occur when a significant force pushes the femoral head out of the socket, often damaging muscles and ligaments.

Causes include:

• Trauma such as road traffic accidents or falls from heights
• Awkward slips or trips, or rough play with other dogs causing impact injuries
• Small or delicate dogs are more vulnerable due to less robust joints

How to recognise hip dislocation symptoms

If your dog suffers trauma, watch for these signs that may indicate a hip dislocation:

• Severe or mild limping, reluctance or inability to put weight on the affected hind leg
• The leg may appear shorter, held stiffly or with abnormal rotation
• The dog may show difficulty standing, walking, or climbing stairs and hesitation to move
• In serious cases, the affected leg may hang limp, disconnecting visibly from the hip joint
• Pain may vary depending on the degree of muscle or ligament damage

Veterinary examination and X-rays are essential for accurate diagnosis and to exclude fractures or hip dysplasia.

How is hip dislocation diagnosed by vets?

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, observing the dog’s gait and limb position, and checking for pain response during manipulation.

X-rays confirm the position of the femoral head relative to the socket and reveal any fractures or joint issues.

Treatment options for hip dislocation

Let your veterinarian determine the best course of treatment, which may include:

1. Closed reduction: Under anaesthesia, the vet manipulates the femoral head back into the socket. An Ehmer sling is applied to immobilise and help healing. This is usually maintained for 10-14 days at home. Success rates are approximately 50%, and re-dislocation is possible.
2. Surgical intervention: If closed reduction fails or there is added bone or soft tissue damage, surgery is often necessary.
   Techniques include open reduction with fixation using sutures, pins, or plates to stabilise the joint permanently.
3. Pain management: Painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs help reduce discomfort and swelling while healing progresses.
4. Restricted activity during recovery: Limiting movement after treatment prevents further injury and supports tissue healing.
5. Post-operative care: Follow-up visits, possible physical therapy, and careful monitoring enhance recovery chances and lasting joint function.

What to expect during recovery

With prompt and proper veterinary treatment, many dogs recover to a good quality of life. However, some dogs develop issues like arthritis or reduced joint mobility depending on injury severity.

Recovery time varies but generally includes several weeks of restricted activity and careful pain management.

Long-term prognosis improves with early treatment and adherence to veterinary advice.

When to seek urgent veterinary care

Immediate veterinary attention is vital if your dog exhibits sudden limping, pain, or reluctance to move, especially following trauma.

Delaying treatment can increase pain, worsen the injury, and lead to more complicated surgery or permanent disability.

Always aim to work with a vet to ensure your dog’s comfort and the best recovery outcome.

FAQs about hip dislocation in dogs

How long does recovery from hip dislocation surgery take in dogs?

Quick Answer: Recovery usually takes between 4 to 8 weeks post-surgery, requiring restricted movement and pain management to support healing.

Detailed recovery involves limited exercise to prevent joint stress, pain medication prescribed by the vet, and gradual increase in activity as healing occurs. Follow-up appointments help monitor progress and identify any complications early.

Can smaller dog breeds be more prone to hip dislocation?

Yes, smaller and more delicate breeds tend to have less robust bones and joints, which can increase the risk of hip dislocation due to trauma or injury. Owners of small breeds should be vigilant about protecting their pets during play and exercise.

Are hip dislocations preventable?

While accidental trauma cannot always be prevented, responsible pet owners can reduce risk by supervising play, avoiding dangerous high places, and ensuring safe environments. Taking care when walking dogs near traffic or on slippery surfaces is also important.

Responsible ownership and ethical considerations

It’s important to source dogs responsibly from reputable breeders who prioritise health screenings including hip health to reduce inherited joint issues. Early training, safe environments, and regular vet check-ups all contribute to a healthier, happier dog.

Awareness of conditions like hip dislocation and prompt action when injuries occur helps prevent long-term suffering.