Dog Heat Cycle: Understanding Female Dog Behaviour
When a female dog experiences her heat cycle, also known as the estrus cycle, it can bring about notable changes in behaviour that every owner should recognise and understand. The first season usually occurs between six months and two years old, depending on the breed, and typically lasts between two and three weeks. Dogs generally come into heat around twice a year, although smaller breeds may cycle more frequently while larger breeds might have longer intervals.
Understanding the stages of your dog's heat cycle puppies will help you manage changes and keep your dog safe during this time.
Stages of the Heat Cycle and Behavioural Signs
The heat cycle comprises four stages, each with distinct signs:
| Stage | Description & Behaviour |
|---|---|
| Proestrus | Swollen vulva with bloody discharge, increased licking, clinginess, and possible mild aggression towards male dogs. |
| Estrus | Your bitch will be receptive to males, discharge shifts to a straw colour, frequent urination (often scent marking), and a noticeable tail position to one side to indicate readiness. |
| Diestrus | The phase following estrus where either pregnancy begins or the dog returns to normal physiological state. Discharge ceases and the vulva returns to normal size. |
| Anestrus | A resting phase with no sexual behaviours or hormonal activity, lasting until the next cycle. |
Common Behaviour Changes During Heat
Dogs in heat may become restless, anxious, or display mood swings ranging from clingy and affectionate to grumpy or snappy. You may notice they find it hard to concentrate on commands, making training sessions less effective at this time. It’s common for a dog in heat to seek out male dogs and even try to escape to find a mate, so keeping your dog securely contained is essential.
Urine marking is more frequent as a natural way for your dog to announce her availability to males. Though this can be frustrating to manage at home, it’s an instinctive behaviour during this cycle.
Managing Safety and Comfort
Preventing unwanted mating is a priority: always supervise your female dog closely and keep her on a secure lead during walks. Avoid off-lead exercise and areas where unneutered males are likely to be present. Make sure your garden is secure to prevent escapes, and be mindful that your dog might become very cunning in efforts to find a mate.
To manage discharge, consider doggy diapers or absorbent pads to protect your home environment. Maintain a calm, consistent routine to help minimise stress and anxiety for your dog during the heat season.
When to Spay Your Female Dog
Spaying is generally recommended after your dog's first season unless you plan to breed and are prepared to manage her reproductive cycle responsibly. Spaying eliminates the heat cycle, removing associated behavioural challenges and reducing the risk of certain health problems. Veterinary advice is essential to determine the best timing and method.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does a dog stay in heat?
Quick Answer: Typically, a heat cycle lasts about 2 to 3 weeks, sometimes up to 4 weeks depending on the individual dog and breed.
The duration comprises the four stages of the cycle, with physical and behavioural signs fluctuating during this time. Monitoring your dog’s specific patterns helps manage her care effectively.
What behaviour changes should I expect in my dog during heat?
Quick Answer: Expect mood swings including clinginess, irritability, restlessness, increased urination for scent marking, and sexual behaviours such as flagging her tail and seeking males.
Each dog reacts differently, but it’s typical to see your dog distracted and less responsive to commands. She may also attempt to escape or show increased affection or grumpiness.
Why is my male dog whining when my female is in heat?
Quick Answer: Unneutered male dogs become more agitated and may whine, bark, or try to reach the female dog due to her pheromones signaling reproductive readiness.
This behaviour is natural but requires management to prevent stress or conflict. Keeping the female secured away from males and walking her at quiet times can help reduce these issues.
Can I walk my dog off lead during heat?
Quick Answer: It is generally not recommended to walk your female dog off lead during heat due to her strong attraction to males and risk of unwanted mating or escaping.
Leashed walks, preferably at quieter times, provide safer exercise while minimising risks. Supervision and secure environments are key to responsible management.
Where to Find a Female Dog for Sale or Spaying Advice
If you are considering finding a puppy or want advice on reputable breeders or spaying, the puppies section of Pets4Homes offers a selection of responsible options. Always prioritise ethical breeders committed to health testing and responsible breeding.
For spaying and heat management, consult your veterinary professional for tailored advice relevant to your dog’s health and lifestyle.
Understanding your dog's heat cycle promotes compassionate and responsible care, helping both you and your pet navigate this natural, sometimes challenging time with confidence.
