How PSOM (Glue Ear) Affects Cavalier King Charles Spaniels

Primary secretory otitis media (PSOM), often called glue ear, is a condition that affects not only dogs but also humans and some other animals. In dogs, this ear disease is most commonly seen in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel puppies, with other brachycephalic breeds less frequently affected.

This article offers a clear and compassionate explanation of PSOM, why Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are particularly prone to it, and how to spot and manage this condition.

What is primary secretory otitis media?

PSOM is a middle ear inflammatory condition where thick, sticky mucus builds up due to impaired drainage through the Eustachian tube, or increased mucus production. This buildup can block one or both ears with viscous fluid, causing discomfort, hearing loss, and balance difficulties.

The fundamental cause remains unclear, but dysfunction in the ear's normal clearance process is believed to be central. Over time, fluid accumulation can worsen and may become painful.

Why are Cavalier King Charles Spaniels at risk?

This breed’s distinct brachycephalic facial structure results in a shorter muzzle that compresses airways and channels connecting the ears, nose, and throat. This alteration can affect how the Eustachian tube functions and drains mucus.

Cavalier King Charles Spaniels also tend to have smaller heads relative to their body size and notably long, floppy ears, both of which may contribute to a higher risk of developing PSOM. These anatomical traits can influence ear ventilation and drainage, making this breed more vulnerable.

Key symptoms to watch for in your dog

• Head tilting or shaking.
• Persistent ear scratching or irritation indicating discomfort.
• Reduced response to sounds or hearing loss.
• Repeated or exaggerated yawning as the dog tries to relieve ear pressure.
• Neck pain or sensitivity at the back of the head. This may sometimes signal concurrent conditions like syringomyelia, common in the breed, warranting veterinary attention.

How is PSOM diagnosed?

Your vet will examine your dog physically and may review their veterinary history. Special attention will be paid to breed conformation and ear condition to rule out infections or mites.

Advanced diagnostic tools like X-rays or imaging scans may be necessary to assess the middle ear thoroughly. Referral to a veterinary specialist who has access to such equipment might be recommended.

Treatment options available

Mild cases might be managed with medication that thins the mucus to promote natural drainage. If this is ineffective or the plug is significant, surgery may be needed.

The common surgical procedure myringotomy involves a small incision in the eardrum under general anaesthetic to flush out the mucus. Another option, ventral bulla osteotomy, allows drainage through the neck incision.

Owners should be aware that PSOM can recur, with affected dogs potentially experiencing multiple flare-ups despite treatment efforts.

Managing your Cavalier’s ear health

Regular ear cleaning and inspection by attentive owners can help prevent complications. Early veterinary intervention at the first signs of symptoms improves outcomes and comfort.

Caring responsibly for a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel includes understanding the breed’s predisposition and working closely with veterinarians to maintain their ear health.